@article {pmid39649442,
year = {2024},
author = {Kamdar, A and Sykes, R and Thomson, CR and Mangion, K and Ang, D and Lee, MA and Van Agtmael, T and Berry, C},
title = {Vascular fibrosis and extracellular matrix remodelling in post-COVID 19 conditions.},
journal = {Infectious medicine},
volume = {3},
number = {4},
pages = {100147},
pmid = {39649442},
issn = {2772-431X},
abstract = {Causal associations between viral infections and acute myocardial injury are not fully understood, with mechanisms potentially involving direct cardiovascular involvement or systemic inflammation. This review explores plausible mechanisms of vascular fibrosis in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome, focusing on extracellular matrix remodelling. Despite global attention, significant mechanistic or translational breakthroughs in the management of post-viral syndromes remain limited. No effective pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions are currently available for patients experiencing persistent symptoms following COVID-19 infection. The substantial expansion of scientific knowledge resulting from collaborative efforts by medical experts, scientists, and government organisations in undertaking COVID-19 research could inform treatment strategies for other post-viral syndromes and respiratory illnesses. There is a critical need for clinical trials to evaluate potential therapeutic candidates, providing evidence to guide treatment decisions for post-COVID-19 syndromes.},
}

@article {pmid39649371,
year = {2024},
author = {Sims-Rhodes, N and Cornwell, HE and Barena, E and Dubre, V and Elliott, KS and Nabulsi, EH and Yuen, N and Sass, SM and Miller, A and Tiruneh, YM and Singh, KP},
title = {Perceived Barriers and Facilitators of Behavioral-Health Modality Change Adoption During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {5695-5713},
pmid = {39649371},
issn = {1178-2390},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic, there was a surge in demand for mental health services worldwide, presenting challenges for healthcare institutions as they navigated changes in policy and safety regulations. In the United States, this resulted in many behavioral health modality changes to remain in compliance with the Center for Disease Control guidelines. A growing body of literature has documented these, yet few explored barriers and facilitators affecting the adoption of these modality delivery changes. The researchers conducted a systematic review using the PRISMA method, focusing on service delivery changes across healthcare systems in the United States from March 2020 to May 2022.

OBJECTIVE: The study objective was to identify barriers and facilitators affecting the adoption of changes to modality delivery of behavioral health services due to pandemic restrictions.

METHODS: This was a systematic review that utilized the PRISMA method. The researchers identified 445 initial articles from eight databases using predetermined keywords and implemented a three-round screening process to select the most pertinent articles for this review. The researchers used a thematic analysis focused on user-related, program-related, technology, and environment-related constructs relevant to engagement with digital mental health interventions, and also addressed provider and administrative-related barriers and facilitators of virtual behavioral health modality changes. Barriers and facilitators were operationalized using the Borghouts Model.

RESULTS: This systematic review revealed several common barriers and facilitators, including underdeveloped technology infrastructure, privacy and confidentiality concerns, poor technology literacy, availability of diverse technology options, provider technology training, and ease of integration into everyday life.

CONCLUSION: This review provides insights into barriers and facilitators of modality change adoption, which could inform the development and implementation of virtual mental healthcare services and may help optimize the application of these services by improving our understanding and ability to overcome barriers influencing their adoption.},
}

@article {pmid39648831,
year = {2024},
author = {Barlattani, T and Mantenuto, S and D'Amelio, C and Di Berardo, A and Capelli, F and Leonardi, V and Socci, V and Rossi, R and Rossi, A and Pacitti, F},
title = {Social Cognition and Covid-19: a rapid scoping review.},
journal = {Rivista di psichiatria},
volume = {59},
number = {6},
pages = {279-289},
doi = {10.1708/4386.43836},
pmid = {39648831},
issn = {2038-2502},
mesh = {Humans ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology/prevention & control ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; *Social Cognition ; Social Isolation/psychology ; },
abstract = {The Covid-19 pandemic has enormously impacted health, the economy, and social organisations worldwide. Public health interventions such as vaccines, protective equipment and social distancing have brought profound changes in the general and clinical population's behaviour, with different levels of adherence to social and health standards. To understand these phenomena, it is essential to know how models and theories of social behaviour influence patterns of adherence to preventive measures in the context of the pandemic. Research on social cognition can explain behavioural variables and their impact on mental well-being, creating the basis for interventions that promote adherence to prevention rules. This PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) rapid review aims to identify and analyse current evidence on the pandemic's impact on social cognition components. First, we conducted a comprehensive literature review and discussed the findings narratively. Tables were constructed, and articles were sorted based on study characteristics. Finally, 14 eligible articles were identified. Our findings suggest that restrictions aimed at stemming infections and social isolation led to changes in patterns of social cognition in clinical and general populations. Among the clinical population, subjects with autism spectrum disorders and Parkinson's disease reported changes in social cognition. Among the general population, older adults and front-line workers also reported variations. Our results suggest that planning-oriented social cognition models could effectively promote adherence to preventive norms. These findings can help develop behavioural intervention models by identifying appropriate approaches for the general population and specific subgroups.},
}

Humans
Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology
*COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology/prevention & control
Pandemics/prevention & control
*Social Cognition
Social Isolation/psychology

@article {pmid39648781,
year = {2024},
author = {Cornelius, AP and Mace, SE and Char, DM and Doyle, C and Noll, S and Reyes, V and Wang, J},
title = {Disparities in disaster healthcare: A review through a pandemic lens.},
journal = {American journal of disaster medicine},
volume = {19},
number = {3},
pages = {251-263},
doi = {10.5055/ajdm.0482},
pmid = {39648781},
issn = {1932-149X},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control ; *Healthcare Disparities ; Social Determinants of Health ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; United States ; Disaster Planning/organization & administration ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of the literature on the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on healthcare disparities in various groups, in relation to social determinants of health (SDOH) and longstanding social disparities.

DESIGN: The Disaster Preparedness and Response Committee of the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) addressed the impact of health disparities in disaster planning and response. A workgroup composed of seven physicians with academic and deployment disaster medicine experience was formed. A literature review focusing on healthcare disparities during the COVID-19 pandemic was conducted. Search strategies included medical sources such as PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar and nonmedical publications focused on COVID-19. The group combined the literature found and identified general themes. A framework using recognized SDOH was applied to organize the material and allow for ease of reporting. We also noted the unmet burden and challenges that underserved communities struggled with prior to the pandemic onset. The workgroups' report was presented to the ACEP Board of Directors.

RESULTS: COVID-19 significantly impacted groups burdened with poor SDOH to a much greater degree than the general population. Many healthcare disparities that existed prior to COVID-19 were worsened during the pandemic. Little information exists about how these inequities are being addressed.

CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 magnified and more fully exposed healthcare disparities. These disparities, although common, can be partially mitigated. Efforts are needed to better understand healthcare disparities brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic and to find solutions to address future pandemics across all four phases of a disaster.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control
*Healthcare Disparities
Social Determinants of Health
Pandemics
SARS-CoV-2
United States
Disaster Planning/organization & administration

@article {pmid39648595,
year = {2025},
author = {Devitt, A and Nott, M and Nelson, S and Sgarlata, J and Gray, M and Balachandran, S and Taskin, A},
title = {Using Virtual Care to Assess the Health Needs of People With Intellectual Disabilities: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARID},
volume = {38},
number = {1},
pages = {e13328},
pmid = {39648595},
issn = {1468-3148},
support = {//Australian Government's Rural Health Multidisciplinary Training (RHMT) Scheme/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Intellectual Disability ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Telemedicine ; Needs Assessment ; Health Services Accessibility ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic precipitated a rapid roll-out of virtual health care services to people with intellectual disabilities. Limited evidence is available for clinicians to guide virtual care delivery.

METHOD: Twenty-three studies were identified through systematic searching of 16 databases. Extracted data were mapped to the NSW Virtual Health Strategy.

RESULTS: Evidence exists to support the use of virtual care for screening, diagnosis, assessment, and review of people with intellectual disabilities, with benefits for clients, carers, and clinicians. Evidence mapped well to the priority areas of the NSW Virtual Health Strategy, highlighting the need for clinician training and specific supports and adaptations to ensure accessibility for people with intellectual disabilities.

CONCLUSIONS: The use of virtual care to assess the health needs of people with intellectual disabilities across the lifespan is nascent. An opportunity exists for co-design with people with intellectual disabilities to reduce barriers to accessing and engaging in virtual care.},
}

Humans
*Intellectual Disability
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Telemedicine
Needs Assessment
Health Services Accessibility
Health Services Needs and Demand

@article {pmid39648476,
year = {2024},
author = {McGrath, C and Lasseter, G and Hopewell-Kelly, N and Anderson, E and Brooks-Pollock, E and Christensen, H and Denford, S and Essery, R and Dawson, S and Schiller, E and Silvonen, T and Stokes, C and Thomas, A and Thomas, C and Gibson, A},
title = {How Do We Get the Public Into Public Health Research? Learnings and Key Recommendations From Initiating a Community Involvement Project Scheme.},
journal = {Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy},
volume = {27},
number = {6},
pages = {e70114},
pmid = {39648476},
issn = {1369-7625},
support = {//This work was supported by the NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Behavioural Science and Evaluation at University of Bristol./ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 ; *Community Participation/methods ; Public Health ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: There are many recognised benefits of public involvement, including more relevant research. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the existing health inequalities and disparities in access to care and treatment for under-served groups, necessitating meaningful and sustainable approaches to engaging them in health research. However, there is limited guidance to suggest what groundwork and processes are necessary for initiating such projects. This paper outlines the practical approaches taken to initiate a community involvement project scheme and offers key recommendations from this work.

METHODS: The National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit established a community involvement scheme in 2021, funding four community involvement projects enabling researchers to engage with under-served communities. Reflections were captured through regular quarterly meeting group discussions, meeting notes and email correspondence.

RESULTS: The paper presents the steps taken to initiate a scheme that provided funding for a diverse range of projects working with under-served communities. The projects demonstrated the value of allocating time to build relationships and trust, maintaining flexibility, and providing short-term benefits such as remuneration and training to the community.

DISCUSSION: This paper has highlighted the need for research organisations to allocate funding and resources within their infrastructures for building trusting relationships with community leaders and communities.

CONCLUSION: This paper has outlined the steps undertaken to engage with under-served communities to bridge the gap between public health research and those communities. We present key recommendations to guide future initiatives aspiring to engage under-served communities in health research.

Public contributors have been involved in all of the four community involvement projects mentioned in this paper. Two public contributors are also co-authors and have provided input to the writing and review of this manuscript.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19
*Community Participation/methods
Public Health
SARS-CoV-2
Pandemics

@article {pmid39648189,
year = {2024},
author = {Chauhan, P and Begum, MY and Narapureddy, BR and Gupta, S and Wadhwa, K and Singh, G and Kumawat, R and Sharma, N and Ballal, S and Jha, SK and Abomughaid, MM and B, D and Ojha, S and Jha, NK},
title = {Unveiling the Involvement of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 in Alzheimer's Disease: Possible Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.},
journal = {Molecular neurobiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39648189},
issn = {1559-1182},
abstract = {Viruses pose a significant challenge and threat to human health, as demonstrated by the current COVID-19 pandemic. Neurodegeneration, particularly in the case of Alzheimer's disease (AD), is significantly influenced by viral infections. AD is a neurodegenerative disease that affects people of all ages and poses a significant threat to millions of individuals worldwide. The precise mechanism behind its development is not yet fully understood; however, the emergence and advancement of AD can be hastened by various environmental factors, such as bacterial and viral infections. There has been a longstanding suspicion that the herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) may have a role to play in the development or advancement of AD. Reactivation of HSV-1 could potentially lead to damage to neurons, either by direct means or indirectly by triggering inflammation. This article provides an overview of the connection between HSV-1 infections and immune cells (astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes) in the progression of AD. It summarizes recent scientific research on how HSV-1 affects neurons, which could potentially shed light on the clinical features and treatment options for AD. In addition, the paper has explored the impact of HSV-1 on neurons and its role in various aspects of AD, such as Aβ secretion, tau hyperphosphorylation, metabolic dysregulation, oxidative damage, apoptosis, and autophagy. It is believed that the immune response triggered by HSV-1 reactivation plays a role in the development of neurodegeneration in AD. Despite the lack of a cure for AD, researchers have made significant efforts to study the clinical and pathological aspects of the disease, identify biomarkers, and gain insight into its underlying causes. The goal is to achieve early diagnosis and develop treatments that can modify the progression of the disease. The current article discusses the most promising therapy for combating the viral impacts, which provides additional evidence for the frequent reactivations of latent HSV-1 in the AD brain. However, further research is still required to establish the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the development of AD through the reactivation of HSV-1. This could potentially lead to new insights in drug development aimed at preventing HSV-1 reactivation and the subsequent development and progression of AD.},
}

@article {pmid39467817,
year = {2025},
author = {Acharya, S and Aechtner, T and Dhir, S and Venaik, S},
title = {Vaccine hesitancy: a structured review from a behavioral perspective (2015-2022).},
journal = {Psychology, health & medicine},
volume = {30},
number = {1},
pages = {119-147},
doi = {10.1080/13548506.2024.2417442},
pmid = {39467817},
issn = {1465-3966},
mesh = {Humans ; *Vaccination Hesitancy/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/psychology ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Vaccination/psychology ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychology ; },
abstract = {Vaccine hesitancy, a complex behavioral phenomenon, poses a significant global health threat and has gained renewed attention amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper scrutinized peer-reviewed literature on vaccine hesitancy published from 2015 to 2022, with a specific focus on behavioral perspectives, utilizing a Theories-Constructs-Variables-Contexts-Methods (TCVCM) framework. The study highlighted prominent theoretical approaches, abstract concepts, research variables, global contexts and academic techniques employed across a selected sample of 138 studies. The result is a consolidated overview of research and schematization of the factors influencing vaccine hesitancy and vaccination behaviors. These include individual-level, contextual, vaccine-specific, organizational, and public-policy-related dynamics. The findings corroborated the complexity of vaccine hesitancy and emphasized the difficulties of pursuing vaccine advocacy. The analysis also identified several directions for future research, and the need to conduct more contextual studies in low- and middle-income nations to bring out the cross-cultural nuances of vaccine hesitancy.},
}

Humans
*Vaccination Hesitancy/psychology/statistics & numerical data
*COVID-19/prevention & control/psychology
COVID-19 Vaccines
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
Vaccination/psychology
Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychology

@article {pmid36973964,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, Y and Mao, N and Guo, L and Guo, L and Chen, L and Zhao, L and Wang, Q and Long, E},
title = {Review of animal transmission experiments of respiratory viruses: Implications for transmission risk of SARS-COV-2 in humans via different routes.},
journal = {Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis},
volume = {44},
number = {12},
pages = {2840-2857},
doi = {10.1111/risa.14129},
pmid = {36973964},
issn = {1539-6924},
support = {52078314//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/transmission ; Animals ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Aerosols ; Fomites/virology ; Risk Assessment ; },
abstract = {Exploring transmission risk of different routes has major implications for epidemic control. However, disciplinary boundaries have impeded the dissemination of epidemic information, have caused public panic about "air transmission," "air-conditioning transmission," and "environment-to-human transmission," and have triggered "hygiene theater." Animal experiments provide experimental evidence for virus transmission, but more attention is paid to whether transmission is driven by droplets or aerosols and using the dichotomy to describe most transmission events. Here, according to characteristics of experiment setups, combined with patterns of human social interactions, we reviewed and grouped animal transmission experiments into four categories-close contact, short-range, fomite, and aerosol exposure experiments-and provided enlightenment, with experimental evidence, on the transmission risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) in humans via different routes. When referring to "air transmission," context should be showed in elaboration results, rather than whether close contact, short or long range is uniformly described as "air transmission." Close contact and short range are the major routes. When face-to-face, unprotected, horizontally directional airflow does promote transmission, due to virus decay and dilution in air, the probability of "air conditioning transmission" is low; the risk of "environment-to-human transmission" highly relies on surface contamination and human behavior based on indirect path of "fomite-hand-mucosa or conjunctiva" and virus decay on surfaces. Thus, when discussing the transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2, we should comprehensively consider the biological basis of virus transmission, environmental conditions, and virus decay. Otherwise, risk of certain transmission routes, such as long-range and fomite transmission, will be overrated, causing public excessive panic, triggering ineffective actions, and wasting epidemic prevention resources.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/transmission
Animals
*SARS-CoV-2
Aerosols
Fomites/virology
Risk Assessment

@article {pmid39645378,
year = {2024},
author = {Dzau, VJ and Laitner, MH and Shambaugh, EL},
title = {Strategic imperatives for health in the USA: a roadmap for the incoming presidential administration.},
journal = {Lancet (London, England)},
volume = {404},
number = {10469},
pages = {2371-2379},
doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(24)02189-5},
pmid = {39645378},
issn = {1474-547X},
mesh = {Humans ; Artificial Intelligence ; COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration ; *Health Policy ; Pandemics ; *Politics ; *Public Health ; United States ; },
abstract = {As the beginning of the next US presidential administration approaches, the USA faces a series of complex challenges that threaten the health of the American people and the effectiveness and sustainability of their health and health-care systems. Taking office in January, 2025, the next administration will need to address myriad systems-level and public health challenges, including the long-term health impacts of COVID-19 and threat of future pandemics, negative effects of climate change on health, unaffordability and inefficiencies in health care, and resulting and long-standing disparities in health-care access and health outcomes. Without decisive policy action, population health is likely to stagnate or even deteriorate. We present five priority areas to guide US federal strategy in 2025 and beyond: improve public health and address health and social inequities; catalyse transformation towards a more effective, equitable health system; address crucial health issues such as climate change; advance artificial intelligence for health and health care; and strengthen responsible science and innovation. To achieve these goals, we suggest policy action items for federal stakeholders and emphasise the importance of social determinants of health, cross-sector collaboration, population health perspectives, and transformative partnerships. By prioritising these strategic imperatives, the incoming administration can set a plan towards a healthier, more resilient future for all Americans.},
}

Humans
Artificial Intelligence
COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control
Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration
*Health Policy
Pandemics
*Politics
*Public Health
United States

@article {pmid39644061,
year = {2024},
author = {Scully, M and Lester, WA},
title = {Demystifying autoimmune HIT: what it is, when to test, and how to treat.},
journal = {Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program},
volume = {2024},
number = {1},
pages = {403-408},
pmid = {39644061},
issn = {1520-4383},
mesh = {Humans ; *Platelet Factor 4/immunology ; *COVID-19/immunology ; *Heparin/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Thrombosis/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Autoantibodies/blood/immunology ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/therapy/diagnosis/immunology ; Thrombocytopenia/therapy/chemically induced/immunology/diagnosis ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; },
abstract = {Antibodies to platelet factor 4 (PF4) have been primarily linked to classical heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (cHIT). However, during the rollout of the COVID-19 vaccine program a new condition, vaccine-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (VITT), was identified, related to adenoviral-based COVID-19 vaccines. The differences between these 2 conditions, both clinically and in laboratory testing, set the scene for the development of a new rapid anti-PF4 assay that is not linked with heparin (as relevant for cHIT). Concurrently, there has been a reassessment of those cases described as autoimmune HIT. Such scenarios do not follow cHIT, but there is now a clearer differentiation of heparin-dependent and heparin-independent anti-PF4 conditions. The importance of this distinction is the identification of heparin-independent anti-PF4 antibodies in a new subgroup termed VITT-like disorder. Cases appear to be rare, precipitated by infection and in a proportion of cases, orthopaedic surgery, but are associated with high mortality and the need for a different treatment pathway, which includes immunomodulation therapy.},
}

Humans
*Platelet Factor 4/immunology
*COVID-19/immunology
*Heparin/adverse effects/therapeutic use
Thrombosis/immunology
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects
Autoantibodies/blood/immunology
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/therapy/diagnosis/immunology
Thrombocytopenia/therapy/chemically induced/immunology/diagnosis
Female
Male
Middle Aged

@article {pmid39642612,
year = {2024},
author = {Popović, ME and Tadić, V and Popović, M},
title = {(R)evolution of Viruses: Introduction to biothermodynamics of viruses.},
journal = {Virology},
volume = {603},
number = {},
pages = {110319},
doi = {10.1016/j.virol.2024.110319},
pmid = {39642612},
issn = {1096-0341},
abstract = {As of 26 April 2024, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses has registered 14690 virus species. Of these, only several dozen have been chemically and thermodynamically characterized. Every virus species is characterized by a specific empirical formula and thermodynamic properties - enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs energy. These physical properties are used in a mechanistic model of virus-host interactions at the cell membrane and in the cytoplasm. This review article presents empirical formulas and Gibbs energies for all major variants of SARS-CoV-2. This article also reports and suggests a mechanistic model of evolutionary changes, with the example of time evolution of SARS-CoV-2 from 2019 to 2024.},
}

@article {pmid39642561,
year = {2025},
author = {Demir, M and Duman, N and Akten, HS and Inan, S and Okan, K and Yildirim, O and Karakus, HS and Ozgur, S and Goksel, O},
title = {A rare long-term side effect of COVID-19 vaccines: Symmetrical drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema-like reaction SDRIFE and potential immunogens for delayed type hypersensitivity reactions.},
journal = {International immunopharmacology},
volume = {145},
number = {},
pages = {113737},
doi = {10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113737},
pmid = {39642561},
issn = {1878-1705},
mesh = {Humans ; *Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology ; *Exanthema/immunology ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects/immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Female ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Drug Eruptions/immunology/etiology/diagnosis ; BNT162 Vaccine ; Adult ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Symmetrical drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema (SDRIFE) is an important clinical entity that is rare and may develop with a Type IV delayed type hypersensitivity immune response to drug antigens. The incidence and characteristics of SDRIFE attributed to COronaVIrus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines remain unclear, this issue requires further elucidation.

OBJECTIVE: We aim to investigate the vaccine-related-SDRIFE and potential immunogens of COVID-19 vaccines through a literature review accompanied by a real case.

METHODS: A new vaccine related-SDRIFE case report and a literature review regarding COVID Vaccine related SDRIFE. In the years following the COVID vaccinations, all SDRIFE cases published between 2000 and 2024 were retrieved.

RESULTS: The new case of vaccine-related SDRIFE developed following the COVID-19 Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine and was tolerated without any issues with the CoronaVac vaccine (Sinovac Biotech.,China) after negative skin tests. A literature search has revealed fifteen different types of SDRIFE cases related to COVID-19 vaccines since 2020. Diagnostic skin testing with vaccine or any potentially immunogen parts of vaccine were performed in six patients. All tests were negative except for one late intradermal test positivity.

CONCLUSION: This mini review showed that SDRIFE due to COVID vaccines is a rare, but a significant adverse event that has a potential to impair patient compliance with subsequent vaccines. Identification and avoidance of potential allergens through standardized skin tests and diagnostic immunological work-up will contribute to vaccine compliance and better management of hypersensitivity reactions.},
}

Humans
*Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology
*Exanthema/immunology
*COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology
COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects/immunology
Male
Middle Aged
Female
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Drug Eruptions/immunology/etiology/diagnosis
BNT162 Vaccine
Adult

@article {pmid39535468,
year = {2024},
author = {Nuytemans, K and Franzen, S and Broce, IJ and Caramelli, P and Ellajosyula, R and Finger, E and Gupta, V and Gupta, V and Illán-Gala, I and Loi, SM and Morhardt, D and Pijnenburg, Y and Rascovsky, K and Williams, MM and Yokoyama, JS and Acosta-Uribe, J and Akinyemi, R and Alladi, S and Ayele, BA and Ayhan, Y and Bourdage, R and Castro-Suarez, S and de Souza, LC and Dacks, P and de Boer, SCM and de Leon, J and Dodge, S and Grasso, S and Ghoshal, N and Kamath, V and Kumfor, F and Matias-Guiu, JA and Narme, P and Nielsen, TR and Okhuevbie, D and Piña-Escudero, S and Ruiz-Garcia, R and Ryan, B and Scarioni, M and Slachevsky, A and Suarez-Gonzalez, A and Tee, BL and Tsoy, E and Ulugut, H and Onyike, CU and Babulal, GM and , },
title = {Gaps in biomedical research in frontotemporal dementia: A call for diversity and disparities focused research.},
journal = {Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association},
volume = {20},
number = {12},
pages = {9014-9036},
doi = {10.1002/alz.14312},
pmid = {39535468},
issn = {1552-5279},
support = {U54NS092089 to N.G./GF/NIH HHS/United States ; A2021142S to G.B.//BrightFocus Foundation/ ; R01AG075775 to A.S.//National Institutes of Health's/National Institute on Aging/ ; 1231839 to A.S.//ANID/ Fondecyt Regular/ ; #LSHM20106 to S.F.//Health Holland, Topsector Life Sciences & Health/ ; //Health Resources and Service Administration to D.M./ ; R01AG074302 to G.B.//National Institutes of Health's/National Institute on Aging/ ; R01AG21051 to A.S.//National Institutes of Health's/National Institute on Aging/ ; R01AG067428 to G.B.//National Institutes of Health's/National Institute on Aging/ ; R01AG075775 to J.A-U.//National Institutes of Health's/National Institute on Aging/ ; ID15150012 to A.S.//FONDAP/ ; //Association for Frontotemporal Dementia (AFTD)/ ; //Robert and Nancy Hall Brain Research Fund/ ; PI21/00791 to I.I.-G.//Instituto de Salud Carlos III/ ; U01AG045390 to N.G./GF/NIH HHS/United States ; U54NS123985 to J.S.Y.//NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)/ ; JR20/0018 to I.I.-G.//Instituto de Salud Carlos III/ ; R01AG056466 to G.B.//National Institutes of Health's/National Institute on Aging/ ; ES/W006405/1 to A.S.-G.//UK Research and Innotation Healthy Ageing Challenge Catalyst Award/ ; K23 DC018021/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States ; //Velux foundation/ ; W81XWH2110437 to K.N.//Department of Defense/ ; R01AG080469 to B.L.T.//National Institutes of Health's/National Institute on Aging/ ; #73305095007 to S.F./ZONMW_/ZonMw/Netherlands ; //Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarollo (ANID)/ ; R01AG057234 to J.A-U.//National Institutes of Health's/National Institute on Aging/ ; R01AG083840 to B.L.T.//National Institutes of Health's/National Institute on Aging/ ; R01AG062588 to J.S.Y.//National Institutes of Health's/National Institute on Aging/ ; GNT1158762 to F.K.//National Health and Medical Research Council Career Development Fellowship/ ; COV-LT2-0014 to A.S.-G.//National Institute for Health Research/ ; R01AG21051 to J.A-U.//National Institutes of Health's/National Institute on Aging/ ; //Rainwater Charitable Foundation's Tau Consortium/ ; PPP-allowance to S.F.//Health Holland, Topsector Life Sciences & Health/ ; R01 AG080396/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; R01AG068183 to G.B.//National Institutes of Health's/National Institute on Aging/ ; //NIH/Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementies (CARD)/ ; //Rainwater Charitable Foundation/ ; //Bluefield Project to Cure Frontotemporal Dementia/ ; R01AG057234 to A.S.//National Institutes of Health's/National Institute on Aging/ ; //IDEX Fellowship/ ; U19AG063911 to N.G./GF/NIH HHS/United States ; //Mary Oakley Foundation/ ; R01AG057234 to J.S.Y.//National Institutes of Health's/National Institute on Aging/ ; P30AG062422 to J.S.Y.//National Institutes of Health's/National Institute on Aging/ ; //Global Brain Health Institute/ ; AACSF-21-850193 to I.I.-G./ALZ/Alzheimer's Association/United States ; SG-20-725707 to A.S./ALZ/Alzheimer's Association/United States ; AACSF-22-849085 to H.U./ALZ/Alzheimer's Association/United States ; #73305095007 to S.F./ZONMW_/ZonMw/Netherlands ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Frontotemporal Dementia/genetics ; *Biomedical Research ; Healthcare Disparities ; Cultural Diversity ; },
abstract = {Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is one of the leading causes of young-onset dementia before age 65, typically manifesting as abnormal behavior (in behavioral variant FTD) or language impairment (in primary progressive aphasia). Although FTD affects all populations across the globe, knowledge regarding the pathophysiology and genetics derives primarily from studies conducted in North America and Western Europe. Globally, biomedical research for FTD is hindered by variable access to diagnosis, discussed in this group's earlier article, and by reduced access to expertise, funding, and infrastructure. This perspective paper was produced by two professional interest areas of the Alzheimer's Association International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment (ISTAART) and discusses the field's current status on the cross-cultural aspects of basic and translational research in FTD (including that focused on epidemiology, genetics, biomarkers, and treatment). It subsequently provides a summary of gaps and needs to address the disparities and advance global FTD biomedical research.},
}

Humans
*Frontotemporal Dementia/genetics
*Biomedical Research
Healthcare Disparities
Cultural Diversity

@article {pmid38280182,
year = {2025},
author = {Burm, S and MacDonald, S and Melro, C and Kennedy, E and Tran-Roop, P and Kilbertus, F and MacLeod, A and Robinson, S and Phinney, J},
title = {The burden of grief: A scoping review of nurses' and physicians' experiences throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Death studies},
volume = {49},
number = {2},
pages = {101-110},
doi = {10.1080/07481187.2024.2306461},
pmid = {38280182},
issn = {1091-7683},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology ; *Grief ; *Physicians/psychology ; *Adaptation, Psychological ; Nurses/psychology ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {Coping with loss is an unfortunate reality faced by healthcare professionals, and the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated this challenge for those who worked on the frontlines. Our scoping review aimed to comprehensively map the existing literature pertaining to the experiences of grief among nurses and physicians in the context of the pandemic. Six bibliographic databases were searched in 2022, and a targeted search of gray literature and citation chasing was also performed. After screening a total of 2920 records, we included 173 evidence sources in this review. Data was both analyzed descriptively (e.g., frequency counts and percentages) and using a qualitative content analysis approach. Our findings illuminate the myriad losses experienced by nurses and physicians throughout the pandemic. While the literature portrays the coping mechanisms healthcare professionals have developed personally, there is a pronounced need for increased institutional support to alleviate the burdens they carry.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/psychology
*Grief
*Physicians/psychology
*Adaptation, Psychological
Nurses/psychology
Pandemics

@article {pmid39642534,
year = {2024},
author = {Arena, PJ and Bandak, J and Jeon, CY and Gadoth, A and Hoff, NA and Nkamba, DM and Nianogo, RA and Belin, TR and Nielsen-Saines, K and Kaba, D and Rimoin, AW},
title = {The impact of COVID-19 mitigation measures on neonatal health outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Public health},
volume = {238},
number = {},
pages = {108-116},
doi = {10.1016/j.puhe.2024.11.022},
pmid = {39642534},
issn = {1476-5616},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To assess the relationship between COVID-19 mitigation measures and stillbirth, low birth weight (LBW), and preterm birth (PTB) in sub-Saharan Africa.

STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review/meta-analysis.

METHODS: We searched six databases for literature indexed from January 2020 to December 2022 for studies examining COVID-19 policies and neonatal outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa. These studies were assessed for their risk of bias and described via narrative synthesis. Meta-analysis with random effects was performed to generate risk ratios (RRs) that were stratified by study scope to explore heterogeneity.

RESULTS: Our search identified 515 unique studies, sixteen of which were included. Most studies were multi-/single-center examinations (n = 7) and national/regional investigations (n = 6). The stillbirth RR suggested a marginal increase during mitigation measures (RR: 1.13; 95 % CI: 0.97, 1.31); however, among national/regional studies, there was no increase (RR: 0.96; 95 % CI: 0.82, 1.14). Similarly, the LBW RR suggested an increase during mitigation measures (RR: 1.18; 95 % CI: 0.90, 1.56), but the RR among national/regional investigations indicated no increase (RR: 0.97; 95 % CI: 0.91, 1.04). For PTB, the RR indicated no increase during mitigation measures (RR: 1.00; 95 % CI: 0.94, 1.07); there were no differences between multi-/single-center examinations and national/regional investigations.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that outcome risk did not change after mitigation measures were imposed when focusing on national/regional investigations and provide insights for both African health officials and researchers.},
}

@article {pmid39642252,
year = {2024},
author = {Rice, M and Etheridge, S and Armstrong, A and Coleman, E and Corcoran, J and Hyde, H and Jordan, J and Barrett, S and Bryant, P and Smith, TS},
title = {Call to Action: Bolstering the Diminishing Pediatric Nursing Workforce.},
journal = {The Journal of nursing education},
volume = {63},
number = {12},
pages = {806-812},
doi = {10.3928/01484834-20240725-01},
pmid = {39642252},
issn = {1938-2421},
mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology/nursing ; *Curriculum ; Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate/methods ; Education, Nursing, Graduate/methods ; Nursing Education Research ; *Pediatric Nursing/education/statistics & numerical data ; United States ; Health Workforce/statistics & numerical data ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Pediatric workforce shortages became more apparent with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the rise in other viruses. Among factors affecting these shortages are undergraduate and graduate curricula that include pediatric content and clinical experiences.

METHOD: A narrative review was conducted to examine the state of the pediatric nursing workforce, describe curricular models in undergraduate and graduate programs, and determine the effects of these models on pediatric content and clinical experiences as well as subsequent employment in pediatric nursing.

RESULTS: Curricula affect knowledge of pediatric content and clinical ability to practice, potentially resulting in direct care pediatric workforce shortages and subsequently the number of pediatric nurse practitioners, nurse scientists, and faculty.

CONCLUSION: Research is needed on specific shortages in the pediatric workforce, standardization of required pediatric content and clinical hours, and simulation versus in-person clinical experience to prepare graduates for practice, as well as practice perspectives of new graduates' ability to practice. [J Nurs Educ. 2024;63(12):806-812.].},
}

Humans
COVID-19/epidemiology/nursing
*Curriculum
Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate/methods
Education, Nursing, Graduate/methods
Nursing Education Research
*Pediatric Nursing/education/statistics & numerical data
United States
Health Workforce/statistics & numerical data

@article {pmid39641639,
year = {2024},
author = {Moreland, RB and Brubaker, L and Tinawi, L and Wolfe, AJ},
title = {Rapid and accurate testing for urinary tract infection: new clothes for the emperor.},
journal = {Clinical microbiology reviews},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0012924},
doi = {10.1128/cmr.00129-24},
pmid = {39641639},
issn = {1098-6618},
abstract = {SUMMARYUrinary tract infection (UTI) is among the most common infections in clinical practice. In some cases, if left untreated, it can lead to pyelonephritis and urosepsis. In other cases, UTI resolves without treatment. Clinical diagnosis is typically based on patient symptoms and/or urinalysis, including urine dipsticks. The standard urine culture method is sometimes employed to identify the suspected urinary pathogen (uropathogen) and/or guide antimicrobial choice, but results are rarely available before 24 h. The standard urine culture method also misses fastidious, anaerobic, and slow-growing uropathogens and rarely reports polymicrobial infections. The unexplained combination of negative urine cultures with persistent urinary tract symptoms is distressing to both patients and clinicians. Given the broad appreciation of the advantages provided by rapid testing (e.g., for COVID-19 or influenza A), a rapid, accurate diagnostic test is needed to deliver timely treatment to patients seeking care for UTI that optimizes antibiotic stewardship. Herein, we discuss progress being made toward an accessible, timely (i.e., within hours), accurate assay with results that are clinically useful for the treating clinician within the timeframe of the infection (i.e., the growth rate of the pathogen(s)). New and emerging uropathogens often overlooked by current diagnostic techniques are also reviewed.},
}

@article {pmid39641157,
year = {2024},
author = {Srivastava, R and Ahmad, F and Mishra, BN and Mathkor, DM and Singh, V and Haque, S},
title = {Terrein: isolation, chemical synthesis, bioactivity and future prospects of a potential therapeutic fungal metabolite.},
journal = {Natural product research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-13},
doi = {10.1080/14786419.2024.2436112},
pmid = {39641157},
issn = {1478-6427},
abstract = {The increasing risk of drug-resistant infections and unexpected pandemics like Covid-19 has prompted researchers to explore the area of drug repurposing. Natural products, being a result of the evolutionary optimisation processes can be potential starting points for such drug discovery programs. One such unexplored chemical is terrein, a secondary fungal metabolite. Although discovered in 1935 from Aspergillus terreus, the therapeutic potential of terrein has largely remained undeciphered. Research has primarily been focused on its biosynthetic pathways and its mycotoxic effects. However, in the last two decades, its biological properties including anticancer, anti-inflammatory anti-melanogenic, and bacteriocidal activities have been reported. These reports are preliminary in nature and do not adequately establish its overall therapeutic application. From its structural and therapeutic properties, it can be conjectured that terrein may act as a novel multimodal therapeutic. This comprehensive study reviews the synthesis, production and application aspects of terrein to understand its importance.},
}

@article {pmid39640848,
year = {2024},
author = {Nair, A and Kis, Z},
title = {Bacteriophage RNA polymerases: catalysts for mRNA vaccines and therapeutics.},
journal = {Frontiers in molecular biosciences},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1504876},
pmid = {39640848},
issn = {2296-889X},
abstract = {Decades of research on bacteriophage-derived RNA polymerases (RNAPs) were vital for synthesizing mRNA using the in vitro transcription (IVT) reaction for vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic. The future success of mRNA-based products relies on the efficiency of its manufacturing process. mRNA manufacturing is a platform technology that complements the quality by design (QbD) paradigm. We applied the QbD framework in combination with key mechanistic insights on RNAP to assess the impact of IVT-associated critical process parameters (CPPs) and critical material attributes (CMAs) on the critical quality attributes (CQAs) of the mRNA drug substance and on manufacturing key performance indicators (KPIs). We also summarize the structure-function relationship of T7 RNAP and its engineered mutants aimed at enhancing the critical production of low-immunogenic mRNA therapeutics. Alternatives to the current set of standard RNAPs in large-scale IVTs are also discussed based on a phylogenetic background. Finally, the review dives into the economic implications of improving mRNA manufacturing based on the main enzyme, T7 RNAP, used to synthesize the mRNA drug substance. The review concludes by mapping the relationship between various CMAs and CPPs with different phases of the IVT reaction from a QbD perspective.},
}

@article {pmid39640844,
year = {2024},
author = {González-Riera, FJ and García-Iglesias, JJ and Allande-Cussó, R and Ruiz-Frutos, C and Rodríguez-Diaz, L and Vázquez-Lara, JM and Fernández-Carrasco, FJ and Fagundo-Rivera, J and Gómez-Salgado, J},
title = {Mental Health of Prison Inmates During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {International journal of public health},
volume = {69},
number = {},
pages = {1607166},
pmid = {39640844},
issn = {1661-8564},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; *Prisoners/psychology ; *Mental Health ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Prisons ; Stress, Psychological/epidemiology/psychology ; Pandemics ; Depression/epidemiology/psychology ; Anxiety/epidemiology/psychology ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess how COVID-19 affected the levels of different mental health variables in prison inmates.

METHODS: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA format in the Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and ScienceDirect electronic databases between August and September 2023. Methodological quality was assessed using the critical appraisal tools for studies of the Joanna Briggs Institute.

RESULTS: Thirteen studies were included. The studies found increased levels of stress, anxiety, fear, depression, and negative emotions associated with lack of information about the pandemic and isolation leading to reduced social interaction. In addition, lack of access to common recreational spaces, limited access to support resources, especially mental health resources, fear of contracting the virus, and lack of trust in prison staff and in themselves to be protected were identified.

CONCLUSION: Further research may be necessary in prison populations with added vulnerability, such as the elderly, women, transgender and non-binary persons, to determine specific interventions, after assessing the prevalent psychological sequelae. Prevention strategies and mental health promotion are also encouraged.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology
*Prisoners/psychology
*Mental Health
*SARS-CoV-2
Prisons
Stress, Psychological/epidemiology/psychology
Pandemics
Depression/epidemiology/psychology
Anxiety/epidemiology/psychology

@article {pmid39640843,
year = {2024},
author = {Xiao, G and He, T and Zhang, B and Yang, Z and Ling, N and Chen, M and Zhang, D and Hu, P and Zhang, G and Peng, M and Cai, D and Ren, H},
title = {Safety and Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Patients With Chronic Liver Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {International journal of public health},
volume = {69},
number = {},
pages = {1605295},
pmid = {39640843},
issn = {1661-8564},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage/immunology/adverse effects ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology ; *Liver Diseases/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Chronic Disease ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood/immunology ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: This review aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD).

METHODS: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from 2020 to 2024. Data was extracted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The random-effects model (when I[2] ≥ 50%) or fixed effect model (I[2] < 50%) was used.

RESULTS: 29 studies were included in this review. Compared to healthy controls (HCs), patients with CLD had a higher incidence of mild adverse events (RR = 1.60, p < 0.001), while the incidence of severe adverse events was similar (RR = 1.08, p = 0.92). Seropositivity rates of three antibodies in patients were lower than in HCs [neutralizing antibody (RR = 0.86, p = 0.002), anti-spike antibody (RR = 0.97, p = 0.06) and anti-receptor binding domain antibody (RR = 0.95, p = 0.04)]. Compared to unvaccinated patients, vaccinated patients had lower rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization and death (p ≤ 0.05).

CONCLUSION: SARS-CoV-2 vaccines showed good safety and efficacy in CLD patients, but antibody response appeared to be decreased. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and booster doses should be given priority in this vulnerable population.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage/immunology/adverse effects
*COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology
*Liver Diseases/immunology
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Chronic Disease
Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood/immunology

@article {pmid39632771,
year = {2024},
author = {Elhakim, M and Ghazy, RM and Samhouri, D},
title = {How the IHR (2005) Shaped the COVID-19 Pandemic Response in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: What Went Well and What Did Not.},
journal = {Health security},
volume = {22},
number = {6},
pages = {437-444},
doi = {10.1089/hs.2024.0011},
pmid = {39632771},
issn = {2326-5108},
mesh = {*COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology ; Humans ; Mediterranean Region/epidemiology ; *International Cooperation ; *Global Health ; *International Health Regulations ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; World Health Organization ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Communicable Disease Control/organization & administration/methods/legislation & jurisprudence ; Public Health ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of the International Health Regulations (IHR) (2005) in addressing global health emergencies. This review aims to improve healthcare system capabilities, future preparedness, and actions in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, particularly in low-resource areas. The IHR, established in 1969, initially focused on 6 diseases but has since expanded to include a wider range of public health threats. These regulations establish a globally recognized legal framework that is applicable to all 196 states parties, including all 194 World Health Organization member states. The IHR prioritize the prevention, protection, and control of global disease transmission while minimizing unwarranted disruptions to international travel and commerce. Nonetheless, the response to COVID-19 in the Eastern Mediterranean Region revealed a range of deficiencies despite the regulatory strengths. Some countries encountered challenges in fully complying with their IHR obligations, particularly in terms of preparedness, and occasional geopolitical tensions obstructed international collaboration. The pandemic experience underscores the need for improved trust, resource allocation, and regulatory revisions to address upcoming global health challenges. This case study highlights positive aspects of the pandemic response, including the swift exchange of information and global cooperation, while also recognizing shortcomings, such as delays in reporting and unequal vaccine access. In summary, the COVID-19 pandemic underscores the urgency of subsequent updates to the IHR or comparable accords, such as the IHR amendments and the pandemic treaty, to rectify these deficiencies. Updates should place a greater emphasis on transparency, cultivating trust, enhancing preparedness, and establishing mechanisms that incentivize comprehensive compliance among all participating nations.},
}

*COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology
Humans
Mediterranean Region/epidemiology
*International Cooperation
*Global Health
*International Health Regulations
Pandemics/prevention & control
World Health Organization
SARS-CoV-2
Communicable Disease Control/organization & administration/methods/legislation & jurisprudence
Public Health

@article {pmid37450650,
year = {2024},
author = {Kitzman, JM and Mesheriakova, VV and Borucki, AN and Agarwal, R},
title = {Substance Use Disorders in Adolescents and Young Adults: History and Perioperative Considerations From the Society for Pediatric Pain Medicine.},
journal = {Anesthesia and analgesia},
volume = {139},
number = {6},
pages = {1244-1255},
pmid = {37450650},
issn = {1526-7598},
mesh = {Humans ; Adolescent ; *Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology ; Young Adult ; COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Perioperative Care/methods ; Child ; Societies, Medical ; Opioid-Related Disorders/epidemiology/diagnosis/prevention & control ; Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use/adverse effects ; Risk Factors ; Pain Management/methods/adverse effects ; History, 21st Century ; History, 20th Century ; },
abstract = {Substance use disorders (SUDs) are on the rise in children and young adults in the United States. According to reports, over 40 million people aged 12 and older had a diagnosed SUD in 2020. 1 A recent report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found that overdose death in children aged 10 to 19 years old increased 109% from 2019 to 2021. 2 Given the rapidly increasing prevalence of SUD, anesthesiologists will almost certainly encounter children, adolescents, and young adults with a history of recreational drug use or nonmedical use of prescription opioids in the perioperative period. Since the perioperative period can be a particularly challenging time for patients with SUD, anesthesiologists can tailor their perioperative care to reduce rates of relapse and can serve as both advocates and educators for this vulnerable patient population. This article examines the history of SUD and physiology of substance use in children, adolescents, and young adults, including reasons why young people are more susceptible to the addictive effects of many substances. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic impacted many aspects of life, including increased social isolation and shifted dynamics at home, both thought to impact substance use. 3 Substance use patterns in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic are explored. Although current literature is mostly on adults, the evidence-based medical treatments for patients with SUD are reviewed, and recommendations for perioperative considerations are suggested. The emphasis of this review is on opioid use disorder, cannabis, and vaping particularly because these have disproportionately affected the younger population. The article provides recommendations and resources for recognizing and treating adolescents and young adults at risk for SUD in the perioperative period. It also provides suggestions to reduce new persistent postoperative opioid use.},
}

Humans
Adolescent
*Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology
Young Adult
COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control
Perioperative Care/methods
Child
Societies, Medical
Opioid-Related Disorders/epidemiology/diagnosis/prevention & control
Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use/adverse effects
Risk Factors
Pain Management/methods/adverse effects
History, 21st Century
History, 20th Century

@article {pmid39640715,
year = {2024},
author = {Lai, S and Min, S},
title = {Perioperative cardiovascular risk and preventions of patients with post-COVID-19 condition.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {10},
number = {20},
pages = {e39345},
pmid = {39640715},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {COVID-19 infectious is still a widely prevalent disease today. Although most patients with COVID-19 infection are mild. Some patients still develop to post-COVID-19 conditions, significantly increasing the perioperative cardiovascular risks. To better assess and prevent the perioperative cardiovascular risks of patients with COVID-19 infection, the safety and effectiveness of clinical practice can be improved through comprehensive measures, such as medical history collection, detection of symptoms and signs, application of auxiliary examinations, selection of scales and related rehabilitation treatment.},
}

@article {pmid39640575,
year = {2024},
author = {Prentice, KR and Beitelshees, M and Hill, A and Jones, CH},
title = {Defining health equity: A modern US perspective.},
journal = {iScience},
volume = {27},
number = {12},
pages = {111326},
pmid = {39640575},
issn = {2589-0042},
abstract = {Health equity is a concept that has gained increasing attention and relevance in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has exposed and exacerbated the health disparities and inequities among different population groups in the United States. This article aims to provide a comprehensive and critical overview of the historical, theoretical, and empirical foundations of health equity, as well as the challenges and opportunities for advancing it in the modern US society. By adopting an interdisciplinary and intersectional approach, and by drawing on literature from public health, sociology, economics, and human rights, we argue that health equity is not only a matter of fairness and justice, but also a strategic and pragmatic goal for improving the health and well-being of the entire nation. Here, we propose a modern definition of health equity for the US context, and conclude with some recommendations for policy, practice, and research to promote health equity in the US.},
}

@article {pmid39640342,
year = {2024},
author = {Deruelle, F},
title = {Microwave radiofrequencies, 5G, 6G, graphene nanomaterials: Technologies used in neurological warfare.},
journal = {Surgical neurology international},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {439},
pmid = {39640342},
issn = {2229-5097},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Scientific literature, with no conflicts of interest, shows that even below the limits defined by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, microwaves from telecommunication technologies cause numerous health effects: neurological, oxidative stress, carcinogenicity, deoxyribonucleic acid and immune system damage, electro-hypersensitivity. The majority of these biological effects of non-thermal microwave radiation have been known since the 1970s.

METHODS: Detailed scientific, political, and military documents were analyzed. Most of the scientific literature comes from PubMed. The other articles (except for a few) come from impacted journals . The rare scientific documents that were not peer reviewed were produced by recognized scientists in their fields. The rest of the documentation comes from official sources: political (e.g., European Union and World Health Organization), military (e.g., US Air Force and NATO), patents, and national newspapers.

RESULTS: (1) Since their emergence, the authorities have deployed and encouraged the use of wireless technologies (2G, 3G, 4G, WiFi, WiMAX, DECT, Bluetooth, cell phone towers/masts/base stations, small cells, etc.) in full awareness of their harmful effects on health. (2) Consequences of microwave radiation from communication networks are comparable to the effects of low-power directed-energy microwave weapons, whose objectives include behavioral modification through neurological (brain) targeting. Above 20 gigahertz, 5G behaves like an unconventional chemical weapon. (3) Biomedical engineering (via graphene-based nanomaterials) will enable brain-computer connections, linked wirelessly to the Internet of Everything through 5G and 6G networks (2030) and artificial intelligence, gradually leading to human-machine fusion (cyborg) before the 2050s.

CONCLUSION: Despite reports and statements from the authorities presenting the constant deployment of new wireless communication technologies, as well as medical research into nanomaterials, as society's ideal future, in-depth research into these scientific fields shows, above all, an objective linked to the current cognitive war. It could be hypothesized that, in the future, this aim will correspond to the control of humanity by machines.},
}

@article {pmid39639960,
year = {2024},
author = {Miller, CM and Borre, C and Green, A and Funaro, M and Oliveira, CR and Iwasaki, A},
title = {Postacute Sequelae of COVID-19 in Pediatric Patients Within the United States: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {American journal of medicine open},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {100078},
pmid = {39639960},
issn = {2667-0364},
abstract = {A subset of children and adolescents experience recurrent or persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection, known as postacute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), however, the clinical epidemiology within the United States (US) is not yet well understood. This scoping review aims to synthesize the clinical epidemiology of pediatric PASC in the US. A comprehensive literature search was conducted and databases were queried from inception until January 29, 2024. Studies including US children and adolescents <21 years old were considered. From 1028 studies identified, 29 met the inclusion criteria. Prevalence of PASC ranged from less than 1%-27%. Risk factors included older age, female sex, asthma, obesity, and severe initial infection. Common symptoms were dyspnea, fatigue, headaches, and chest pain. A multidisciplinary approach for diagnosis and management was common across studies. Most studies had a high risk of bias and were limited by a lack of standardized definitions and short follow-up duration. This review establishes a foundation for understanding pediatric PASC and highlights the critical need for continued research to optimize prevention and treatment strategies.},
}

@article {pmid39639643,
year = {2024},
author = {Arya, R and Kumar, S and Vinetz, JM and Kim, JJ and Chaurasia, R},
title = {Unlocking the potential of miRNAs in detecting pulmonary tuberculosis: prospects and pitfalls.},
journal = {Expert reviews in molecular medicine},
volume = {26},
number = {},
pages = {e32},
pmid = {39639643},
issn = {1462-3994},
mesh = {Humans ; *MicroRNAs/genetics ; *Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis/genetics ; *Biomarkers ; COVID-19/diagnosis/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; },
abstract = {Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the deadliest infectious diseases globally, ranking as 13th leading cause of mortality and morbidity. According to the Global Tuberculosis Report 2022, TB claimed the lives of 1.6 million people worldwide in 2021. Among the casualties, 1 870 000 individuals with HIV co-infections contributed to 6.7% of the total fatalities, accounting TB as the second most lethal infectious disease following COVID-19. In the quest to identify biomarkers for disease progression and anti-TB therapy, microRNAs (miRNAs) have gained attention due to their precise regulatory role in gene expression in disease stages and their ability to distinguish latent and active TB, enabling the development of early TB prognostic signatures. miRNAs are stable in biological fluids and therefore will be useful for non-invasive and broad sample collection. However, their inherent lack of specificity and experimental variations may lead to false-positive outcomes. These limitations can be overcome by integrating standard protocols with machine learning, presenting a novel tool for TB diagnostics and therapeutics. This review summarizes, discusses and highlights the potential of miRNAs as a biomarker, particularly their differential expression at disease stages. The review assesses the advantages and obstacles associated with miRNA-based diagnostic biomarkers in pulmonary TB and facilitates rapid, point-of-care testing.},
}

Humans
*MicroRNAs/genetics
*Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis/genetics
*Biomarkers
COVID-19/diagnosis/genetics
SARS-CoV-2/genetics

@article {pmid39639607,
year = {2024},
author = {Adilović, M and Hromić-Jahjefendić, A and Mahmutović, L and Šutković, J and Rubio-Casillas, A and Redwan, EM and Uversky, VN},
title = {Intrinsic Factors Behind the Long-COVID: V. Immunometabolic Disorders.},
journal = {Journal of cellular biochemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e30683},
doi = {10.1002/jcb.30683},
pmid = {39639607},
issn = {1097-4644},
abstract = {The complex link between COVID-19 and immunometabolic diseases demonstrates the important interaction between metabolic dysfunction and immunological response during viral infections. Severe COVID-19, defined by a hyperinflammatory state, is greatly impacted by underlying chronic illnesses aggravating the cytokine storm caused by increased levels of Pro-inflammatory cytokines. Metabolic reprogramming, including increased glycolysis and altered mitochondrial function, promotes viral replication and stimulates inflammatory cytokine production, contributing to illness severity. Mitochondrial metabolism abnormalities, strongly linked to various systemic illnesses, worsen metabolic dysfunction during and after the pandemic, increasing cardiovascular consequences. Long COVID-19, defined by chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation, poses continuous problems, highlighting the need for comprehensive therapy solutions that address both immunological and metabolic aspects. Understanding these relationships shows promise for effectively managing COVID-19 and its long-term repercussions, which is the focus of this review paper.},
}

@article {pmid39639358,
year = {2024},
author = {Mudiyanselage, SPK and Tsai, YT and Tsai, YJ and Yang, YH and Lu, ZT and Ko, NY},
title = {Global overview of suicidal behavior and risk factors among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review.},
journal = {BMC psychology},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {727},
pmid = {39639358},
issn = {2050-7283},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; Risk Factors ; *Suicidal Ideation ; *Suicide, Attempted/statistics & numerical data/psychology ; Global Health ; Suicide/statistics & numerical data/psychology ; Prevalence ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic, declared by the World Health Organization in early 2020, rapidly escalated from a global health crisis to a significant public health issue worldwide. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive global overview of suicidal behavior and associated risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: Adhering to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, literature searches were conducted across five databases: Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Academic Search Complete. The review encompassed studies published from January 1, 2019, to November 29, 2023. A total of 286 studies met the inclusion criteria, offering a broad perspective on suicidal behaviors during the pandemic. The studies underwent quality assessment using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal for Checklist for Prevalence Studies Scale (CACPSS).

RESULTS: The highest rates of suicidal behavior were observed in the Americas, Europe, and the Western Pacific Region, with China and the United States reporting significant cases. Key risk factors included demographic characteristics, mental health conditions, and social support factors. Suicidal ideation prevalence rates ranged significantly, with the highest in some regions exceeding 50%. Suicide attempts and completed suicides also showed considerable variation across different countries and regions.

CONCLUSION: The findings emphasize the need for targeted mental health interventions and policies to reduce suicide risk, highlighting the multifaceted nature of suicidal behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Comprehensive, multidisciplinary approaches are necessary to address this pressing concern, and understanding the interplay among diverse risk factors is crucial for developing effective prevention and intervention strategies.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology
Risk Factors
*Suicidal Ideation
*Suicide, Attempted/statistics & numerical data/psychology
Global Health
Suicide/statistics & numerical data/psychology
Prevalence

@article {pmid39638415,
year = {2025},
author = {Hashemi, H and Fayaz, F and Hashemi, A and Khabazkhoob, M},
title = {Global prevalence of cataract surgery.},
journal = {Current opinion in ophthalmology},
volume = {36},
number = {1},
pages = {10-17},
pmid = {39638415},
issn = {1531-7021},
mesh = {Humans ; *Cataract Extraction/statistics & numerical data ; *Global Health ; Prevalence ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Health Services Accessibility/statistics & numerical data ; *Cataract/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The objective of this review article is to ascertain the global distribution of cataract surgery and evaluate the extent of its coverage in recent years.

RECENT FINDINGS: The cataract surgical rate (CSR) has been reported from 36 to 12 800 (per million population) across different countries. The average cataract surgical coverage (CSC) in the majority of countries was around 50% or lower. Additionally, in many countries, the efficient CSC (eCSC) deviates from the CSC, emphasizing the importance of attention to the quality of surgical procedures. Socioeconomic status and access to health services are key determinants in the distribution of cataract surgery. This procedure is more prevalent among older individuals, with a higher incidence among men and private insurances tend to cover a larger portion of cataract surgeries. The pandemic of COVID-19 has had a detrimental effect on cataract surgery rates in numerous countries.

SUMMARY: The rate of cataract surgery and its extent of coverage in certain countries is inadequate. The primary factor influencing the quantity and coverage of cataract surgeries is the economic status of the countries. Additionally, government support through insurance and the provision of appropriate healthcare services can contribute to an increase in cataract surgeries.},
}

Humans
*Cataract Extraction/statistics & numerical data
*Global Health
Prevalence
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Health Services Accessibility/statistics & numerical data
*Cataract/epidemiology
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid39637679,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhao, T and Wang, Z and Tong, M and Fei, Y},
title = {The development of therapeutics and vaccines against COVID-19.},
journal = {Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease},
volume = {111},
number = {3},
pages = {116643},
doi = {10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116643},
pmid = {39637679},
issn = {1879-0070},
abstract = {Since the COVID-19 pandemic, it has caused a great threat to the global economy and public health, initiatives have been launched to control the spread of the virus. To explore the efficacy of drugs, a large number of clinical trials have been carried out, with the purpose of providing guidelines based on high-quality evidence for clinicians. We mainly discuss therapeutic agents for COVID-19 and explain the mechanism, including antiviral agents, tocilizumab, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, neutralizing antibody therapies and corticosteroids. In addition, the COVID-19 vaccine has been proven to be efficacious in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection. We systematically analyzed four mainstream vaccine platforms: messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, viral vector vaccines, inactivated vaccines and protein subunit vaccines. We evaluated the therapeutic effects of drugs and vaccines through enumerating the most typical clinical trials. However, the emergence of novel variants has further complicated the interpretation of the available clinical data, especially vaccines and antibody therapies. In the post-epidemic era, therapeutic agents are still the first choice for controlling the progression of disease, whereas the protective effect of vaccines against different strains should be assessed comprehensively.},
}

@article {pmid39636443,
year = {2024},
author = {Ziegler, A and Kunzler, AM and Voigt-Radloff, S and Schmitt, J and Moerer, O and Scheithauer, S and Heytens, H and Apfelbacher, C and Meerpohl, JJ},
title = {[Prioritization of research questions in health crises-presentation of a concept developed during the COVID-19 pandemic].},
journal = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39636443},
issn = {1437-1588},
abstract = {In acute crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, scientific questions need to be addressed quickly in order to protect the health of the population and to maintain the function of the healthcare system. The prevailing urgency and the large number of issues to be addressed, combined with the limitation of time, personnel, or monetary resources make prioritization indispensable. In the COVID-19 Evidence Ecosystem (CEOsys) project initiated by the University Medicine Network (NUM), a procedure for the rapid prioritization of questions was used specifically for evidence syntheses and clinical guideline recommendations, which was further developed in the follow-up project PREparedness and Pandemic Response in Germany (PREPARED).The result is a concept paper on the prioritization of research questions and topics with a more generic orientation. The content of the concept is presented in this article. The core subjects are basic principles of successful prioritization as well as an explicit seven-step process with information on organizational framework conditions and the procedure. The concept offers possibilities for adaptation, as research prioritization is highly context-dependent.The application of such a systematic, transparent prioritization process contributes to comprehensible and informed decisions about which research questions are relevant and urgent, in which order they should be processed, and which issues are not critically urgent or have to be postponed.},
}

@article {pmid39636363,
year = {2024},
author = {Bertollo, AG and Dalazen, JB and Cassol, JV and Hellmann, MB and Mota, TL and Ignácio, ZM and Bagatini, MD},
title = {Melatonin's Impact on Cytokine Storm and Modulation of Purinergic Receptors for COVID-19 Prognosis: A Mental Health Perspective.},
journal = {Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN},
volume = {74},
number = {4},
pages = {113},
pmid = {39636363},
issn = {1559-1166},
support = {310606/2021-7//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/ ; },
mesh = {*Melatonin/therapeutic use/metabolism/pharmacology ; Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/metabolism ; *Cytokine Release Syndrome/drug therapy ; *Receptors, Purinergic/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Antioxidants/therapeutic use/pharmacology/metabolism ; Animals ; },
abstract = {In 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started a global health crisis and was associated with high rates of depression and anxiety. Both mental disorders and COVID-19 exhibit similarities in pathophysiology, characterized by immune system overactivation, involvement of the purinergic system, and oxidative stress, besides additional factors and systems likely contributing to the complexities of these conditions. The purinergic system contributes to the disease-influenced immune response, an essential strategy for controlling pathophysiological effects. In this context, the hormone melatonin emerges as a substance that can modulate the purinergic system and contribute positively to the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated mental disorders. Melatonin is a hormone that regulates the body's circadian rhythms, plays an essential role in regulating sleep and mood, and modulates the purinergic system. Recent studies suggest melatonin's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties may benefit COVID-19. This review explores melatonin's impact on inflammatory cytokine storm in COVID-19 through purinergic system modulation.},
}

*Melatonin/therapeutic use/metabolism/pharmacology
Humans
*COVID-19/immunology/metabolism
*Cytokine Release Syndrome/drug therapy
*Receptors, Purinergic/metabolism
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Antioxidants/therapeutic use/pharmacology/metabolism
Animals

@article {pmid39636014,
year = {2024},
author = {Lababidi, G and Lababidi, H and Bitar, F and Arabi, M},
title = {Adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccine in the paediatric population: a focus on the cardiovascular system.},
journal = {Cardiology in the young},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-9},
doi = {10.1017/S1047951124026118},
pmid = {39636014},
issn = {1467-1107},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic had an unprecedented impact on healthcare systems and exists globally. To control pandemic progression, COVID-19 vaccines were developed and licensed for use in the adult population in early 2021 and became available in paediatric cohorts several months later. Since then, several studies have reported adverse events and severe adverse events in the adult and paediatric cohorts. The question remains whether there exists a significant risk to paediatric COVID-19 vaccination. This study reviews the classification and presentation of severe adverse events and discusses relevant reports in the literature. An emphasis is put on cardiovascular severe adverse events and adverse events. This paper also provides current and future perspectives relative to the pandemic, its control, and the future of vaccine immunology.},
}

@article {pmid39635815,
year = {2024},
author = {Tényi, D and Tényi, T and Janszky, J},
title = {[Long COVID - neurological or somatoform disease?].},
journal = {Ideggyogyaszati szemle},
volume = {77},
number = {11-12},
pages = {397-405},
doi = {10.18071/isz.77.0397},
pmid = {39635815},
issn = {0019-1442},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/psychology ; *Somatoform Disorders/psychology ; *Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Nervous System Diseases/virology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:

Post-COVID condition (also known as long COVID) is a syndrome characterized by persistent symptoms following a suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, lasting for at least two months and are not attributable to other conditions. The most common symptoms include fatigue, diffuse pain, post-exertional malaise and &ldquo;brain fog&rdquo; (impairment of memory and concentration). The pathomechanism of long COVID is the subject of ongoing, intensive research. Our purpose was to review the literature on the pathomechanism of long COVID.

We reviewed original and review articles in Hungarian and English on the pathomechanism of long COVID, published between January 2019 and June 2024, in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases.

Potential underlying causes of the symptoms are outlined in three main theories. 1) The concept of &ldquo;long COVID as a distinct neurological disease&rdquo; suggests that direct viral neuroinvasion, apoptosis, and demyelination processes are responsible for the symptoms. 2) The theory of &ldquo;long COVID as a systemic disease with neurological symptoms&rdquo; is based on the virus induced, prolonged cytokine and chemokine release, as well as the reactivation of latent viral infections. 3) According to the concept of &ldquo;long COVID as a somatoform disorder&rdquo;, the disease results from abnormal activation of the proinflammatory cytokine network leading to central nervous system sensitization, a well-known psychoneuroimmunological mechanism. Our study highlighted significant overlaps between long COVID and conditions such as chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis, a group of symptoms not defined as a distinct mental disorder in DSM-5, but commonly referred to as Gulf War syndrome, chronic Lyme disease and somatic symptom disorder.

The pathomechanism of long COVID, which presents with a wide range of nonspecific symptoms, remains unknown, and no reproducible disease-specific biomarker has been identified to date. Clarifying the etiology of the disease is crucial for determining adequate and effective therapeutic methods.

Humans
*COVID-19/complications/psychology
*Somatoform Disorders/psychology
*Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
SARS-CoV-2
Nervous System Diseases/virology

@article {pmid39635585,
year = {2024},
author = {Karimi, M and Faal Hamedanchi, N and Ansari, K and Nahavandi, R and Mazdak, M and Javaherchian, F and Koochaki, P and Asadi Anar, M and Shirforoush Sattari, M and Mohamaditabar, M},
title = {Rhabdomyolysis secondary to COVID-19 infection and vaccination: a review of literature.},
journal = {Frontiers in medicine},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1460676},
pmid = {39635585},
issn = {2296-858X},
abstract = {Rhabdomyolysis (RML), characterized by the breakdown of skeletal muscle fibers and the release of muscle contents into the bloodstream, has emerged as a notable complication associated with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and vaccination. Studies have reported an increased incidence of RML in individuals with severe COVID-19 infection. However, the exact mechanisms remain unclear and are believed to involve the host's immune response to the virus. Furthermore, RML has been documented as a rare adverse event following COVID-19 vaccination, particularly with mRNA vaccines. Proposed mechanisms include immune responses triggered by the vaccine and T-cell activation against viral spike proteins. This study aims to review the current literature on the incidence, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and outcomes of RML secondary to COVID-19 infection and vaccination. We identify common risk factors and mechanisms underlying this condition by analyzing case reports, clinical studies, and pharmacovigilance data. Our findings suggest that while RML is a relatively rare adverse event, it warrants attention due to its potential severity and the widespread prevalence of COVID-19 and its vaccines. This review underscores the need for heightened clinical awareness and further research to optimize management strategies and improve patient outcomes in this context.},
}

@article {pmid39580076,
year = {2025},
author = {Yu, M and Lin, L and Zhou, D and Liu, S},
title = {Interaction design in mRNA delivery systems.},
journal = {Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society},
volume = {377},
number = {},
pages = {413-426},
doi = {10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.11.038},
pmid = {39580076},
issn = {1873-4995},
mesh = {*RNA, Messenger/administration & dosage ; Humans ; COVID-19 ; Animals ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; },
abstract = {Following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, mRNA technology has made significant breakthroughs, emerging as a potential universal platform for combating various diseases. To address the challenges associated with mRNA delivery, such as instability and limited delivery efficacy, continuous advancements in genetic engineering and nanotechnology have led to the exploration and refinement of various mRNA structural modifications and delivery platforms. These achievements have significantly broadened the clinical applications of mRNA therapies. Despite the progress, the understanding of the interactions in mRNA delivery systems remains limited. These interactions are complex and multi-dimensional, occurring between mRNA and vehicles as well as delivery materials and helper ingredients. Resultantly, stability of the mRNA delivery systems and their delivery efficiency can be both significantly affected. This review outlines the current state of mRNA delivery strategies and summarizes the interactions in mRNA delivery systems. The interactions include the electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, coordination interactions, and so on. This interaction understanding provides guideline for future design of next-generation mRNA delivery systems, thereby offering new perspectives and strategies for developing diverse mRNA therapeutics.},
}

*RNA, Messenger/administration & dosage
Humans
COVID-19
Animals
Drug Delivery Systems
Gene Transfer Techniques
SARS-CoV-2
Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions

@article {pmid36708796,
year = {2025},
author = {Haslam, A and Prasad, V},
title = {Comparability of Control and Comparison Groups in Studies Assessing Long COVID.},
journal = {The American journal of medicine},
volume = {138},
number = {1},
pages = {148-152.e3},
pmid = {36708796},
issn = {1555-7162},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Observational Studies as Topic ; Control Groups ; Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Awareness of long coronavirus disease (COVID) began primarily through media and social media sources, which eventually led to the development of various definitions based on methodologies of varying quality. We sought to characterize comparison groups in long COVID studies and evaluate comparability of the different groups.

METHODS: We searched Embase, Web of Science, and PubMed for original research articles published in high-impact journals. We included studies on human patients with long COVID outcomes, and we abstracted study-related characteristics, as well as long COVID characteristics.

RESULTS: Of the 83 studies, 3 were randomized controlled trials testing interventions for long COVID, and 80 (96.4%) were observational studies. Among the 80 observational studies, 76 (95%) were trying to understand the incidence, prevalence, and risk factors for long COVID, 2 (2.5%) examined prevention strategies, and 2 (2.5%) examined treatment strategies. Among those 80 studies, 45 (56.2%) utilized a control or comparison group and 35 (43.8%) did not. Compared with 95% of observational studies that documented symptoms or assessed risk factors, all randomized studies assessed treatment strategies. We found 48.8% of observational studies did any adjustment for covariates, including demographics or health status. Of those that did adjust for covariates, 15 (38.5%) adjusted for 4 or fewer variables. We found that 26.5% of all studies and 45.8% of studies with a control/comparator group matched participants on at least 1 variable.

CONCLUSION: Long COVID studies in high-impact journals primarily examine symptoms and risk factors of long COVID; often lack an adequate comparison group and often do not control for potential confounders. Our results suggest that standardized definitions for long COVID, which are often based on data from uncontrolled and potentially biased studies, should be reviewed to ensure that they are based on objective data.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
SARS-CoV-2
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Observational Studies as Topic
Control Groups
Risk Factors

@article {pmid39635583,
year = {2024},
author = {Dong, S and Liu, X and Wang, Y},
title = {The impact of COVID-19 on women's reproductive system.},
journal = {Frontiers in medicine},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1485022},
pmid = {39635583},
issn = {2296-858X},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a major global focus since 2019. However, drug development and vaccination have been unable to stop the rise in the number of COVID-19 infections. As a result, almost everyone has been infected with COVID-19. As the COVID-19 pandemic nears its end, it is important to explore whether contracting COVID-19 has any irreversible effects on the female reproductive system. This article aims to review the effects of COVID-19 on the female ovary and reproductive system and examine whether these effects are permanent. In conclusion, we can state that COVID-19 has not caused any long-lasting effects on the reproductive health of most women, with the exception of a few cases where premature ovarian failure has been observed. These temporary effects, such as menstrual disturbances and temporary fertility loss, tend to diminish and eventually disappear over time.},
}

@article {pmid39634034,
year = {2024},
author = {Bergerot, C and Jacobsen, PB and Rosa, WE and Lam, WWT and Dunn, J and Fernández-González, L and Mehnert-Theuerkauf, A and Veeraiah, S and Li, M},
title = {Global unmet psychosocial needs in cancer care: health policy.},
journal = {EClinicalMedicine},
volume = {78},
number = {},
pages = {102942},
pmid = {39634034},
issn = {2589-5370},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Preventable psychosocial suffering is an unmet need in patients with cancer around the world, significantly compromising quality of life and impairing cancer health outcomes. This narrative review overviews the global prevalence of emotional distress and cancer-related needs and the access barriers to psychosocial care. The COVID-19 pandemic has served only to amplify the need for psychosocial care, exacerbating the inadequacy of available psychosocial resources, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Proposed solutions include implementing routine screening for emotional distress, addressing stigma related to mental health needs, and increased attention to the psychosocial dimensions of cancer care in oncology training and interprofessional models of care. There is an urgent need to address health policy issues such as resource allocation in cancer control plans and to embrace technological innovation in order to fill the universal gaps to providing more equitable psychosocial cancer care.

FUNDING: None.},
}

@article {pmid39634030,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, ZY and Li, YQ and Zhou, JR and Wang, J and Liu, KZ and Wang, P and Gong, CM and Wang, H and Zhang, YJ and Cao, Y and Gu, Y and Zhang, HB and Lu, H and Lu, LF and Feng, RJ},
title = {Causes and countermeasures for the increased infection and COVID-19 mortality rates in patients with schizophrenia.},
journal = {IBRO neuroscience reports},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {456-462},
pmid = {39634030},
issn = {2667-2421},
abstract = {Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a common psychiatric disorder that has a complex pathological mechanism. During the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, patients with SCZ had substantially higher rates of infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, as well as higher COVID-19 mortality relative to patients with other mental disorders. However, the reasons for these increased rates in patients with SCZ remain unknown. In this review, we hypothesize that certain molecular pathways exhibit abnormal function in both COVID-19 and SCZ, with a focus on those related to energy metabolism dysregulation, immune system disruption, and abnormalities of the central nervous system. We review that dysregulation of energy metabolism can result in disruptions to the immune system and abnormalities within the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, immune system disturbances may also contribute to CNS abnormalities in both SCZ and COVID-19. We also discuss macro-factors associated with the high infection and mortality rates of COVID-19 in patients with SCZ, including sociodemographic factors, reduced access to psychiatric healthcare, structural barriers to COVID-19 vaccination, and proposed approaches to mitigate these macro-factors.},
}

@article {pmid39633891,
year = {2023},
author = {Azizah, WN and Oscandar, F and Damayanti, MA},
title = {Systematic review: oral and maxillofacial radiology as fundamental methods of virtual autopsy.},
journal = {Forensic sciences research},
volume = {8},
number = {3},
pages = {185-197},
pmid = {39633891},
issn = {2471-1411},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Refusal of autopsy occurs for various reasons, including religious beliefs and the risk of infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019. Dental autopsy involves invasive procedures, including incision and access openings in the oral cavity. Radiographic techniques can be used as an alternative to the conventional autopsy process in the field of forensic odontology, providing a non-invasive approach that does not involve tissue damage. The current study aimed to analyse the current status of the applicability of oral and maxillofacial radiology for virtual forensic odontological autopsy. A systematic review was conducted in accord with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis protocol. The literature search was conducted from December 2021 to October 2022 using the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SAGE Journals databases. Article selection was carried out by eliminating duplication, screening titles and abstracts, and reading the entire content of the article. A thematic analysis method was used to identify themes in the collected data. A total of 15 articles were included, and several uses of oral and maxillofacial radiography in virtual autopsy and forensic odontology were identified. Four techniques were identified that can be used for virtual autopsy in forensic odontology. The use of computed tomography (CT) scanning for virtual autopsy was reported in six articles, cone beam CT was reported in five articles, magnetic resonance imaging was reported in two articles, and multidetector CT was reported in two articles. In the studies included in this review, the identified oral and maxillofacial radiograph techniques that are used as the fundamental methods of virtual autopsy in forensic odontology are CT scanning (including multidetector CT), cone beam CT, and magnetic resonance imaging. The different methods of oral and maxillofacial radiography for virtual autopsy were identified as having advantages as well as limitations in their use in forensic odontology. Most of the included studies indicated that the virtual autopsy approach cannot yet stand alone as an identification method, but provides a useful adjunct for gathering dental evidence.

KEY POINTS: Virtual autopsy is a valuable tool for non-invasive autopsies in the field of forensic odontology.CT scans (including MDCT), CBCT, and MRI can be used for virtual autopsy in the identification of individuals based on dental evidence.The use of oral and maxillofacial radiographs can shorten the time required for forensic odontology activities.Artefacts caused by amalgam and other metal restorations on radiographic images can raise doubts in the identification process.Although the use of oral and maxillofacial radiology has many advantages, it cannot yet stand alone as an identification method.},
}

@article {pmid39633853,
year = {2024},
author = {Untung, T and Pandey, R and Johansson, P},
title = {The cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination program among age-groups children, adults, and elderly in Europe: A systematic review.},
journal = {Vaccine: X},
volume = {21},
number = {},
pages = {100580},
pmid = {39633853},
issn = {2590-1362},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To prepare for future epidemics, the experiences from the vaccination programs in the COVID-19 pandemic need to be collated. This systematic review synthesizes health economic evidence of COVID-19 vaccination programs in European countries comparing the target groups children, adults, and elderly, to study whether the Swedish vaccination strategy was justified on cost-effectiveness grounds.

METHOD: A literature search using the PICOS (Population, Intervention, Control, Outcomes, Study design) convention was conducted in the databases Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Tuft CEA Registry, Cochrane and INAHTA in February 2023. The inclusion criteria were economic evaluations (S) comparing COVID-19 vaccination (I) in age-groups children, adult, and elderly European residents (P) with non-vaccinated European residents (C) in terms of cost per QALY, cost differences, and net monetary benefit (O). Hand-search was done on selected websites and in reference lists of included reports. Title/abstract screening, full-text screening, and quality assessment with the Swedish HTA agency checklist were performed by two researchers. The reporting follows the PRISMA 2020 recommendations.

RESULTS: The database search resulted in 5,720 reports, title/abstract screening yielded 162 reports and after full-text screening, four reports remained. Two studies comparing vaccination of adults and elderly with high and moderate study quality were included. No study was found on the children population. The economic evidence indicated that COVID-19 vaccination of the elderly is cost-effective when compared with vaccination of the adult group, but the transferability to Swedish circumstances was inconclusive due to differences in outcome and cost data between Sweden and the included studies' settings.

CONCLUSION: The common European COVID-19 vaccination policy that prioritized the elderly population was the cost-effective option in the reviewed studies. The lack of transferability to Sweden precludes a clear conclusion on the Swedish vaccination policy.},
}

@article {pmid38967503,
year = {2024},
author = {Tang, C and Dziedzic, A and Khatib, MN and Alhumaid, S and Thangavelu, L and Parameswari, RP and Satapathy, P and Zahiruddin, QS and Rustagi, S and Alanazi, MA and Al-Thaqafy, MS and Hazazi, A and Alotaibi, J and Al Faraj, NJ and Al-Zaki, NA and Al Marshood, MJ and Al Saffar, TY and Alsultan, KA and Al-Ahmed, SH and Rabaan, AA},
title = {Stem cell therapy for COVID-19 treatment: an umbrella review.},
journal = {International journal of surgery (London, England)},
volume = {110},
number = {10},
pages = {6402-6417},
pmid = {38967503},
issn = {1743-9159},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/therapy ; Stem Cell Transplantation/methods ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation/methods ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has presented significant obstacles to healthcare. Stem cell therapy, particularly mesenchymal stem cells, has emerged as a potential treatment modality due to its immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. This umbrella review aims to synthesize current evidence from systematic reviews on the safety and efficacy of stem cell therapy in COVID-19 treatment.

METHODS: A thorough literature search was performed across Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science from December 2019 to February 2024. Systematic reviews focusing on the use of stem cell therapy for COVID-19 were included. Evidence was synthesized by meta-analysis using R software (V 4.3) for each outcome. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach.

RESULTS: A total of 24 systematic reviews were included. Stem cell therapy was associated with reduced mortality [risk ratio (RR) 0.72, 95% CI: 0.60-0.86]; shorter hospital stays (mean difference -4.00 days, 95% CI: -4.68 to -3.32), and decreased need for invasive ventilation (RR 0.521, 95% CI: 0.320-0.847). Symptom remission rates improved (RR 1.151, 95% CI: 0.998-1.330), and a reduction in C-reactive protein levels was noted (standardized mean difference -1.198, 95% CI: -2.591 to 0.195), albeit with high heterogeneity. For adverse events, no significant differences were found between stem cell therapy and standard care (RR 0.87, 95% CI: 0.607-1.265). The certainty of evidence ranged from low to moderate.

CONCLUSION: Stem cell therapy demonstrates a potential benefit in treating COVID-19, particularly in reducing mortality and hospital stay duration. Despite these promising findings, the evidence is varied, and future large-scale randomized trials are essential to confirm the efficacy and optimize the therapeutic protocols for stem cell therapy in the management of the disease. The safety profile is encouraging, with no significant increase in adverse events, suggesting a viable avenue for treatment expansion.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/therapy
Stem Cell Transplantation/methods
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation/methods
SARS-CoV-2
Treatment Outcome

@article {pmid39634299,
year = {2022},
author = {Bannur Nanjunda, S and Seshadri, VN and Krishnan, C and Rath, S and Arunagiri, S and Bao, Q and Helmerson, K and Zhang, H and Jain, R and Sundarrajan, A and Srinivasan, B},
title = {Emerging nanophotonic biosensor technologies for virus detection.},
journal = {Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)},
volume = {11},
number = {22},
pages = {5041-5059},
pmid = {39634299},
issn = {2192-8614},
abstract = {Highly infectious viral diseases are a serious threat to mankind as they can spread rapidly among the community, possibly even leading to the loss of many lives. Early diagnosis of a viral disease not only increases the chance of quick recovery, but also helps prevent the spread of infections. There is thus an urgent need for accurate, ultrasensitive, rapid, and affordable diagnostic techniques to test large volumes of the population to track and thereby control the spread of viral diseases, as evidenced during the COVID-19 and other viral pandemics. This review paper critically and comprehensively reviews various emerging nanophotonic biosensor mechanisms and biosensor technologies for virus detection, with a particular focus on detection of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus. The photonic biosensing mechanisms and technologies that we have focused on include: (a) plasmonic field enhancement via localized surface plasmon resonances, (b) surface enhanced Raman scattering, (c) nano-Fourier transform infrared (nano-FTIR) near-field spectroscopy, (d) fiber Bragg gratings, and (e) microresonators (whispering gallery modes), with a particular emphasis on the emerging impact of nanomaterials and two-dimensional materials in these photonic sensing technologies. This review also discusses several quantitative issues related to optical sensing with these biosensing and transduction techniques, notably quantitative factors that affect the limit of detection (LoD), sensitivity, specificity, and response times of the above optical biosensing diagnostic technologies for virus detection. We also review and analyze future prospects of cost-effective, lab-on-a-chip virus sensing solutions that promise ultrahigh sensitivities, rapid detection speeds, and mass manufacturability.},
}

@article {pmid39634532,
year = {2022},
author = {Nava, G and Zanchetta, G and Giavazzi, F and Buscaglia, M},
title = {Label-free optical biosensors in the pandemic era.},
journal = {Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)},
volume = {11},
number = {18},
pages = {4159-4181},
pmid = {39634532},
issn = {2192-8614},
abstract = {The research in the field of optical biosensors is continuously expanding, thanks both to the introduction of brand new technologies and the ingenious use of established methods. A new awareness on the potential societal impact of this research has arisen as a consequence of the Covid-19 pandemic. The availability of a new generation of analytical tools enabling a more accurate understanding of bio-molecular processes or the development of distributed diagnostic devices with improved performance is now in greater demand and more clearly envisioned, but not yet achieved. In this review, we focus on emerging innovation opportunities conveyed by label-free optical biosensors. We review the most recent innovations in label-free optical biosensor technology in consideration of their competitive potential in selected application areas. The operational simplicity implicit to label-free detection can be exploited in novel rapid and compact devices for distributed diagnostic applications. The adaptability to any molecular recognition or conformational process facilitates the integration of DNA nanostructures carrying novel functions. The high sensitivity to nanoscale objects stimulates the development of ultrasensitive systems down to digital detection of single molecular binding events enhanced by nanoparticles and direct enumeration of bio-nanoparticles like viruses.},
}

@article {pmid39633779,
year = {2024},
author = {Alwakeel, M and Abi Fadel, F and Nanah, A and Wang, Y and Awad, MKA and Abdeljaleel, F and Obeidat, M and Saleem, T and Afzal, S and Alayan, D and Harnegie, MP and Wang, X and Duggal, A and Zhang, P},
title = {Efficacy of COVID-19 Treatments in Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.},
journal = {Critical care research and practice},
volume = {2024},
number = {},
pages = {2973795},
pmid = {39633779},
issn = {2090-1305},
abstract = {Objectives: Examining the cumulative evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs), evaluating the use of pharmacological agents for the treatment of COVID-19 infections in patients with critical illness. Data Sources: Databases Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, and Cochrane. Study Selection: Inclusion criteria were RCTs that enrolled patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection who are critically ill. Only RCTs that examined therapeutic agents against one another or no intervention, placebo, or standard of care, were included. Data Extraction: Pairs of reviewers extracted data independently. Outcomes of interest included the overall reported mortality defined as either the ICU mortality, hospital mortality, mortality within 28 days or mortality within 90 days. Data Synthesis: A total of 40 studies (11,613 patients) evaluated 50 therapeutic intervention arms divided into five main therapy categories; steroids, antiviral medications, immunomodulators, plasma therapies [intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG), convalescent plasma and/or, therapeutic plasma exchange], and therapeutic anticoagulation. Immunomodulators was the only group with possible mortality benefit, risk ratio (RR) 0.83 (95% CI 0.73; 0.95), with nonsignificant heterogeneity (I [2] = 8%, p=0.36). In contrast, the other therapy groups showed no significant impact on mortality, as indicated by their respective pooled RRs: steroids [RR 0.91 (95% CI 0.82; 1.01), I [2] = 31%], antiviral medications [RR 1.11 (95% CI 0.82; 1.49), I [2] = 57%], plasma therapies [RR 0.77 (95% CI 0.58; 1.01), I [2] = 36%], and anticoagulation [RR 1.06 (95% CI 0.95; 1.18), I [2] = 0%]. Conclusions: This meta-analysis highlights both the heterogeneity and a lack of benefit from therapies evaluated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Many of the RCTs were developed based on limited observational data. Future RCTs investigating pharmaceutical interventions in critically ill patients during pandemics need to be designed based on better evidence.},
}

@article {pmid39633468,
year = {2024},
author = {Singaram, VS and Pillay, R and Mbobnda Kapche, EL},
title = {Exploring the role of digital technology for feedback exchange in clinical training: a scoping review.},
journal = {Systematic reviews},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {298},
pmid = {39633468},
issn = {2046-4053},
mesh = {Humans ; Artificial Intelligence ; *Digital Technology ; *Education, Distance/methods ; *Education, Medical/methods ; *Formative Feedback ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Feedback plays an integral role in clinical training and can profoundly impact students' motivation and academic progression. The shift to online teaching, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighted the necessity of transitioning traditional feedback mechanisms to digital platforms. Despite this, there is still a lack of clarity regarding effective strategies and tools for delivering digital feedback in clinical education. This scoping review aimed to assess the current utilization of digital feedback methods in clinical education, with a focus on identifying potential directions for future research and innovation.

METHODS: A database search using a published protocol based on the Joanna Briggs Institute framework was conducted between January 2010 and December 2023. Six databases were searched, PubMed/MEDLINE, EBSCOhost, Scopus, Google Scholar, Union Catalogue of Theses and Dissertations, and WorldCat Dissertations and Theses. Reviewers independently screened the papers against eligibility criteria and discussed the papers to attain consensus. Extracted data were analyzed qualitatively and descriptively.

RESULTS: Of the 2412 records identified, 33 reports met the inclusion criteria. Digital tools explored for feedback included web-based and social sites, smart device applications, virtual learning environments, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence. Convenience and immediate, personalized feedback and enhanced formative assessment outcomes were major facilitators of digital feedback utility. Technical constraints, limited content development, training, and data security issues hindered the adoption of these tools. Reports mostly comprised empirical research, published in the global North and conducted on undergraduates studying medicine.

CONCLUSION: This review highlighted a geographical imbalance in research on feedback exchange via digital tools for clinical training and stressed the need for increased studies in the global South. Furthermore, there is a call for broader exploration across other health professions and postgraduate education. Additionally, student perceptions of digital tools as intrusive necessitate a balanced integration with traditional feedback dialogues. The incorporation of virtual reality and artificial intelligence presents promising opportunities for personalized, real-time feedback, but requires vigilant governance to ensure data integrity and privacy. SCOPING REVIEW PROTOCOL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-022-02151-8.},
}

Humans
Artificial Intelligence
*Digital Technology
*Education, Distance/methods
*Education, Medical/methods
*Formative Feedback
Pandemics

@article {pmid39633399,
year = {2024},
author = {Omari, SA and McCall, SJ and Hneiny, L and Sibai, AM},
title = {Health and well-being of older populations affected by humanitarian crises in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review of peer-reviewed literature.},
journal = {Conflict and health},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {73},
pmid = {39633399},
issn = {1752-1505},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The convergence of global demographic changes and rising humanitarian crises in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has raised the number of affected older people (OP). These individuals face the challenges of aging and the adverse conditions of disasters, particularly pronounced in LMICs. This review aims to explore literature on the health and well-being of older populations during humanitarian crises in LMICs.

METHODS: This scoping review included primary studies on the health and well-being of older populations in humanitarian crises in LMIC. A search was conducted in five bibliographic databases last updated in 2023. A numerical summary and thematic analysis of study characteristics and themes were executed and findings were narratively synthesized.

RESULTS: A total of 84 eligible studies were included. The majority of studies were quantitative (n = 56), followed by qualitative (n = 22) and mixed-methods (n = 6). Most literature focuses on the high burden of mental health conditions and their determinants, such as depression, anxiety, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The second most common theme is physical health, discussing high levels of mortality, disability, some non-communicable diseases, and limited evidence on the poor nutritional status. OP lack access to routine healthcare due to cost barriers. The key gaps in the literature are in mental and psychosocial health, especially pertaining to vulnerabilities and risk factors, and to contextualized interventions. Physical health research is relatively narrow lacking a wider range of chronic diseases while no research was performed on communicable diseases other than COVID-19.

CONCLUSIONS: Findings show the complex vulnerabilities of OP in humanitarian crises which exacerbate their physical, mental, and psychosocial health outcomes. There is a need to strengthen evidence on the effectiveness of interventions, and to investigate determinants of health, especially mental and psychosocial health, across different contexts. Research should also explore cross-cutting issues like gender, access to livelihoods, and equitable access to humanitarian assistance.},
}

@article {pmid39632644,
year = {2024},
author = {Bhattacharyya, A and Shahabuddin, SM},
title = {Adult vaccination in India: A rapid review of current status & implementation challenges.},
journal = {The Indian journal of medical research},
volume = {160},
number = {3&4},
pages = {279-292},
pmid = {39632644},
issn = {0971-5916},
mesh = {Humans ; India/epidemiology ; Adult ; *Vaccination ; *Immunization Programs ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology ; Female ; Pregnancy ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; },
abstract = {Background & objectives The expanded programme on immunization launched in India in 1978, with its focus on preventing six diseases in children (tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, poliomyelitis, typhoid, and childhood tuberculosis), was widened in its scope in 1985-86. This new avtaar, the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP), incorporated measles vaccine for children and rubella and adult diphtheria vaccines for pregnant women. We conducted this rapid review on adult immunization relevant for India, as recent COVID-19 experience revealed how newly emergent or re-emergent pathogens could have their onslaughts on the elderly and adults with comorbidities. Methods Three different bibliographic databases, namely PubMed, Scopus and Ovid were searched electronically to access the articles published in peer-reviewed journals. Relevant consensus guidelines by in-country professional groups were also collated. We conducted deduplication and screening of the outputs of these searches (1242 bibliographical records). Finally, 250 articles were found eligible for inclusion. As trials on the reduction of morbidities, mortalities and hospitalizations in adults due to proposed vaccines under Indian consensus guidelines were not available, no meta-analysis was conducted. Results Evidence from articles finally included in this synthesis were grouped under (i) preventing viral and bacterial infections in adults; (ii) adult vaccination and awareness tools; (iii) vaccine hesitancy/acceptance; and (iv) adult vaccination guidelines. In-country research revealed the need for introducing the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccine in adolescence or early-adulthood to prevent ano-genital cancers in elderly and later life. Importantly HPV prevalence among cervical cancer patients varied between 88 to 98 per cent in Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and Delhi. The importance of conducting regular surveillance of pneumococcal diseases and influenza, as well as tweaking the vaccines accordingly, was revealed in other articles. A poor uptake of influenza vaccine (≤2%) in adults (≥45 yr) was documented. The uptake of hepatitis B vaccine in Health Care Workers (HCWs) in Delhi and Mumbai was of concern and ranged from 55 to 64 per cent. The vulnerability of HCWs to rubella was investigated in a paediatric ophthalmic hospital in Madurai: a tenth of the selected HCWs were rubella seronegative and mounted good protective immunity following RA 27/3 vaccine administration. An outbreak of measles in college students in Pune emphasized the phenomenon of waning immunity. Similarly, a study in the infectious disease hospital in Kolkata and in-patients in Delhi revealed a lack of protective immunity against diphtheria and tetanus in adults. The researchers estimated the economic benefits of providing a typhoid vaccine to a household to be US$ 23 in a middle-income neighbourhood and US$ 14 in slum settings. The authors highlighted the importance of preventive strategies, finding that the cost of severe typhoid fever was US$ 119.1 in 18 centres across India. Both qualitative and quantitative investigations explored vaccine hesitancy, which was studied more during the COVID-19 pandemic than earlier. Interpretation & conclusions Vaccination programmes in India would require (i) increasing awareness around vaccine-preventable diseases among adults and HCWs; (ii) actively engaging health care systems and community-based organizations; and (iii) developing and producing affordable, safe, and country-appropriate vaccines. Effective communication strategies and tools will be the key to the success of such interventions.},
}

Humans
India/epidemiology
Adult
*Vaccination
*Immunization Programs
*COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology
Female
Pregnancy
SARS-CoV-2/immunology

@article {pmid39631640,
year = {2024},
author = {Goetzl, EJ},
title = {Creating New Proteins for Medical Therapeutics: Short title: Designing Therapeutic Proteins.},
journal = {The American journal of medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.amjmed.2024.11.023},
pmid = {39631640},
issn = {1555-7162},
abstract = {Recent applications of artificial intelligence-derived methods of computational design have permitted de novo creation of proteins that do not exist in nature but have potent effects on human cells and organ systems. These rapid procedures also allow in one step protein modifications that optimize function, potency, stability, resistance to biodegradation, cellular and tissue distribution and biological half-time. Such proteins generated to date include cytokines, antibodies, inhibitors of cell death proteins and antagonists of extracellular receptors for growth factors and viruses. Newly designed proteins have broad medical diagnostic and therapeutic potentials, as well as the capacity to alter many normal activities of human cells.},
}

@article {pmid39631096,
year = {2024},
author = {McBride, C and Ho, JC and McQuade, M and Ngan, VSH and Ng, MCY and Cheah, ZRE and Maurer, U},
title = {Online assessment in young children: Challenges and considerations.},
journal = {PsyCh journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/pchj.805},
pmid = {39631096},
issn = {2046-0260},
support = {T44-410/21-N//Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Research Grants Council/ ; },
abstract = {In the years following the COVID-19 pandemic, online assessment has emerged as an increasingly popular method for testing children. This review aims to review key advantages and disadvantages of online assessment in young children, specifically in the area of literacy and mathematics assessment. We first consider the recent history of online assessment and give evidence from our own experiences with online assessments in both Cebu, Philippines and Hong Kong. We then discuss the benefits of conducting assessments online. One of the key strengths of online assessments is the efficient use of resources, such as ease of staff training, increased participation and decreased costs for both participants and researchers. Difficulties related to testing environment, parental interference and exclusion of certain populations are also highlighted as focal challenges that must be considered when designing and implementing online assessment. The reliability and validity of online assessments are then specifically discussed in relation to the question of how to best ensure that online measures function as intended, stressing the importance of establishing separate norms for the various administration modes. Notably, online assessments delivered via phone screen must have separate norms than those delivered on a computer screen, as device differences may account for differences in performance. Finally, we present broader considerations for designing online assessments with young children. This includes practical tips for pilot testing, user interface design, data confidentiality and automatic scoring, both to enhance the efficiency of future online assessments and increase participation. Specifically, online assessments for children must account for their developing attentional abilities, meaning assessments should be brief, engaging and contain clear task instructions. The implementation of these considerations will support the development of more reliable, valid and inclusive assessments which will allow researchers and practitioners to support equitable and feasible online testing moving forward.},
}

@article {pmid39630849,
year = {2024},
author = {Casadevall, A and Focosi, D},
title = {Lessons from the Use of Monoclonal Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein During the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Annual review of medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1146/annurev-med-061323-073837},
pmid = {39630849},
issn = {1545-326X},
abstract = {Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein were deployed during the COVID-19 pandemic. While all of the clinically authorized mAbs were eventually defeated by SARS-CoV-2 variants, they were highly effective in preventing disease progression when given early in the course of the disease. The experience with mAbs to SARS-CoV-2 offers important lessons for the use of mAbs in future infectious disease emergencies, such as choosing mAbs that target conserved epitopes and designing cocktails to reduce the emergence of escape variants. Planning for future use must include the creation of infusion centers and the development of strategies to minimize the emergence of escape variants.},
}

@article {pmid39630559,
year = {2024},
author = {Johnson-Arbor, KK},
title = {Frostbite on Denali: a case series and review of treatment options.},
journal = {Journal of wound care},
volume = {33},
number = {12},
pages = {906-911},
doi = {10.12968/jowc.2022.0087},
pmid = {39630559},
issn = {0969-0700},
mesh = {Humans ; *Frostbite/therapy ; Male ; *Mountaineering/injuries ; Middle Aged ; *Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; COVID-19/complications/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Finger Injuries/therapy ; },
abstract = {Frostbite, defined as tissue freezing due to cold weather exposure, is a major risk associated with mountaineering in cold climates. It represents a significant source of morbidity in the climbing population. In 2021, three individuals were evaluated at a single institution after developing frostbite while climbing Denali, Alaska, US. The affected patients were healthy men in the third to sixth decade of their lives, and all experienced frostbite injuries involving the fingers. Among the patients, one individual was unable to descend from the mountain due to the severity of his condition and required medical evacuation. The other men were able to descend without significant difficulty. After leaving the mountain, the patients were treated with thrombolysis, pentoxifylline, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and/or regional sympathetic blockade. Exposure to cold weather, ascent to high altitudes, and increased mechanisms of heat loss were likely potential risk factors for frostbite injury in these patients. Psychological factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic may have also impacted these individuals' risk for frostbite injury. Prevention is the most effective way to avoid frostbite, and knowledge and understanding of the risks associated with the development of this condition may reduce future occurrences among mountaineers. Since frostbite is not a common diagnosis encountered in patients treated in outpatient wound centres, physicians should maintain awareness of the pathophysiology and treatment options for this condition.},
}

Humans
*Frostbite/therapy
Male
*Mountaineering/injuries
Middle Aged
*Hyperbaric Oxygenation
COVID-19/complications/therapy
SARS-CoV-2
Finger Injuries/therapy

@article {pmid39630134,
year = {2024},
author = {Wu, SN and Xiao, T and Chen, H and Li, XH},
title = {Decoding the genome of SARS-CoV-2: a pathway to drug development through translation inhibition.},
journal = {RNA biology},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {1-18},
pmid = {39630134},
issn = {1555-8584},
mesh = {Humans ; *Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; COVID-19/virology ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment/methods ; Drug Development ; *Genome, Viral ; Protein Biosynthesis/drug effects/genetics ; *RNA, Viral/genetics/metabolism ; *SARS-CoV-2/drug effects/genetics ; Virus Replication/drug effects/genetics ; },
abstract = {The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and is continuously spreading globally. The continuous emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants keeps posing threats, highlighting the need for fast-acting, mutation-resistant broad-spectrum therapeutics. Protein translation is vital for SARS-CoV-2 replication, producing early non-structural proteins for RNA replication and transcription, and late structural proteins for virion assembly. Targeted blocking of viral protein translation is thus a potential approach to developing effective anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs. SARS-CoV-2, as an obligate parasite, utilizes the host's translation machinery. Translation-blocking strategies that target the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA, especially those that target its conserved elements are generally preferred. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of SARS-CoV-2 translation, highlighting the important conserved motifs and structures involved in its regulation. We also discuss the current strategies for blocking SARS-CoV-2 translation through viral RNA degradation or RNA element dysfunction.},
}

Humans
*Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use
COVID-19/virology
*COVID-19 Drug Treatment/methods
Drug Development
*Genome, Viral
Protein Biosynthesis/drug effects/genetics
*RNA, Viral/genetics/metabolism
*SARS-CoV-2/drug effects/genetics
Virus Replication/drug effects/genetics

@article {pmid39629896,
year = {2025},
author = {Quiroga, CV and Caobelli, ACSL and Rodrigues, GVA and Viola, TW},
title = {Nonpharmacological Interventions Aimed at Promoting the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Child: care, health and development},
volume = {51},
number = {1},
pages = {e70013},
doi = {10.1111/cch.70013},
pmid = {39629896},
issn = {1365-2214},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology/psychology ; Adolescent ; Child ; *Mental Health ; *Health Promotion/methods ; Mental Disorders/therapy/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Interventions to promote mental health in paediatrics need to be effective, especially in crisis contexts. This systematic review proposes to compile and analyse the findings of nonpharmacological interventions conducted in samples of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on mental health.

METHODS: The research was carried out in PsycINFO, PubMed and Web of Science databases for empirical studies, including interventions in which measures of outcome variables were collected at least twice (pre and post). The studies' samples were children and adolescents up to 19 years old, and interventions were developed throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. After eligibility analyses, 16 studies were included in this review.

RESULTS: Studies used different theoretical approaches, focusing on the promotion, prevention and treatment of mental health in specific contexts. Some were delivered online, in-person or in hybrid formats. Particularly, depression, the most frequently assessed outcome, demonstrated more favourable results within the interventions than other evaluated outcomes. However, due to the considerable risk of bias, the qualitative analysis of the results of many included studies should be performed with caution.

CONCLUSIONS: Most of the interventions necessitate further validation, highlighting the ongoing need for research in this area. However, the emergence of interventions during crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, provides an opportunity to expand evidence-based mental health practices, paving the way for their application in other crisis situations. Given that mental health prevention and promotion practices can be integrated into the roles of all healthcare providers, possessing insight into the most suitable evidence-based interventions can elevate the quality of care delivered.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology/psychology
Adolescent
Child
*Mental Health
*Health Promotion/methods
Mental Disorders/therapy/epidemiology
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid39628270,
year = {2024},
author = {Duong-Quy, S and Nguyen Hai, C and Huynh-Anh, T and Nguyen-Nhu, V},
title = {Tackling pulmonary fibrosis risks in post-COVID-19: cutting-edge treatments.},
journal = {Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-10},
doi = {10.1080/14656566.2024.2438322},
pmid = {39628270},
issn = {1744-7666},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) post-COVID-19 has been identified as an important complication of Long-COVID, especially in patients with severe respiratory symptoms. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is the main tool for detecting fibrotic lesions in patients with PF post-COVID-19.

AREAS COVERED: We conducted a systematic review with the following objectives: (1) to summarize the incidence and disease burden of post‑COVID‑19 pulmonary fibrosis, (2) to provide information on available therapies and drugs for its management, (3) to comprehensively evaluate the initial treatment efficacy of these drugs, and (4) to identify the limitations and challenges associated with current treatment approaches.

EXPERT OPINION: Cutting-edge treatments for PF post-COVID-19 are focused on the complex and multifactorial nature of the disease progreession during Long COVID, which involves chronic inflammation, fibroblast activation, and excessive extracellular matrix deposition leading to stiffening and fibrosis of lung tissue. While traditional antifibrotic drugs with nintedanid and pirfenidone are being used, novel therapies with anti-interleukines, mesenchymal stem cells, and Rho-kinase inhibitors promise the new treatment approaches for patients with PF post-COVID-19. Further research and clinical trials are needed to determine the most effective strategies for managing this complex condition, with the goal of improving patient outcomes and quality of life.},
}

@article {pmid39625646,
year = {2024},
author = {Goel, AR and Yalcindag, A},
title = {An Update on Kawasaki Disease.},
journal = {Current rheumatology reports},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {4},
pmid = {39625646},
issn = {1534-6307},
mesh = {*Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/epidemiology/diagnosis/therapy/drug therapy ; Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/complications ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: To summarize advances in research on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of Kawasaki Disease (KD), a systemic inflammatory illness of unknown etiology that affects children globally.

RECENT FINDINGS: The epidemiology of KD was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and advances in molecular immunology and machine learning have enabled research into its pathogenesis. There is ongoing research into agents that can be used to intensify initial treatment and accumulating evidence supporting the use of certain rescue regimens for refractory disease over others. There is promise surrounding a new coronary artery aneurysm prediction model. Research into the post-acute morbidity of KD continues. The COVID-19 pandemic temporarily reduced the incidence of KD. The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a key role in KD pathogenesis. Intensified initial treatment benefits high-risk patients, yet no intensification regimen shows superiority over another. Corticosteroids, infliximab, or combination therapy with IVIg plus another agent may be superior rescue regimens compared to IVIg alone for refractory KD. The Son score, developed in North America, predicted coronary artery lesions in Japanese and Italian cohorts. Patients with a history of KD may carry long-term physical and emotional burdens that persist into adulthood yet appear to have typical neurocognitive development. Successful transition to adult healthcare presents a challenge.},
}

*Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/epidemiology/diagnosis/therapy/drug therapy
Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/complications
Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid39625583,
year = {2024},
author = {Arndt, D and Hering, T},
title = {[Workload and mental health of nursing staff in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic-a scoping review].},
journal = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39625583},
issn = {1437-1588},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In March 2023, there was no comprehensive overview of job demands, resources, and mental health consequences for nurses in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic. Because of country-specific differences with regard to the course/management of the pandemic and the organization of the healthcare system, data from Germany were analyzed specifically.

METHODS: A systematic search in databases (PubMed/Medline, PsycINFO) yielded 50 relevant studies that were included in the scoping review.

RESULTS: The studies were based on cross-sectional designs, mostly from the hospital setting and the first year of the pandemic. Frequently investigated job demands were work intensification, lack of protective equipment, rapidly changing regulations, contact with COVID-19 patients, and pandemic-related worries/anxieties. Pandemic phase and setting-specific demand cascades became clear. Frequently examined mental health problems (including stress experience, anxiety, depression, burnout, and intention to change career/job) were higher in groups with higher levels of reported job demands. Nurses generally reported less favorable values than medical professionals. Social support, reward/appreciation, humor, resilience, and sense of coherence proved to be resources.

CONCLUSION: In preparation for further pandemics and crises, pre-pandemic job demands should be reduced through targeted measures and relevant resources should be strengthened. Pandemic-specific job demands should be systematically reflected and cross-organizational solutions developed. Longitudinal studies using validated instruments and intervention studies should be the focus of future research funding.},
}

@article {pmid39547641,
year = {2025},
author = {Bai, H and Tian, J},
title = {Advancing the understanding of autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA): Global research trends, key themes, and emerging frontiers.},
journal = {Autoimmunity reviews},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {103691},
doi = {10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103691},
pmid = {39547641},
issn = {1873-0183},
mesh = {Humans ; *Autoimmune Diseases/immunology/epidemiology/etiology ; *Adjuvants, Immunologic/adverse effects ; *Bibliometrics ; Biomedical Research/trends ; Inflammation/immunology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: This study investigates global research on autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) to address gaps in disciplinary trends, research directions, and emerging topics, aiming to enhance understanding of ASIA's role in immune dysregulation and multi-system diseases.

METHODS: This study uses bibliometric methods, based on data from the Web of Science (WOS) database, to analyze 203 ASIA-related publications from 2011 to 2024. Analytical tools, including VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the bibliometrix R package, were employed to identify key research directions and frontier topics.

RESULTS: Contributions from 40 countries, 318 institutions, and 824 researchers were analyzed, providing a global perspective on ASIA research. Israel contributed the highest publication volume, with Tel Aviv University being the most prolific contributor. Analysis showed that Immunologic Research published the most ASIA-related articles, whereas the Journal of Autoimmunity had the highest citation count. Keyword analysis identified six main research themes, including vaccine and adjuvant components, silicone implant-associated diseases, and connections between specific vaccines and autoimmune conditions. Thematic mapping highlighted key yet under-explored areas, such as immune responses to COVID-19 and HPV vaccines, and responses to specific adjuvants, offering insights into ASIA's complexity.

CONCLUSION: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of ASIA's core themes and trends, highlighting key areas for future research, especially on the immune effects of vaccine adjuvants and implants. Although relying on a single data source, WOS's extensive coverage and citation tracking support the validity of these findings, laying a foundation for future ASIA research and clinical applications.},
}

Humans
*Autoimmune Diseases/immunology/epidemiology/etiology
*Adjuvants, Immunologic/adverse effects
*Bibliometrics
Biomedical Research/trends
Inflammation/immunology

@article {pmid39374775,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, FH and Hartman, AL and Letinturier, MCV and Antoniadou, V and Baynam, G and Bloom, L and Crimi, M and Della Rocca, MG and Didato, G and Houge, SD and Jonker, A and Kawome, M and Mueller, F and O'Brien, J and Puri, RD and Ryan, N and Thong, MK and Tumienė, B and Parisi, MA},
title = {Telehealth for rare disease care, research, and education across the globe: A review of the literature by the IRDiRC telehealth task force.},
journal = {European journal of medical genetics},
volume = {72},
number = {},
pages = {104977},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejmg.2024.104977},
pmid = {39374775},
issn = {1878-0849},
mesh = {*Telemedicine ; Humans ; *Rare Diseases/therapy ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Biomedical Research ; },
abstract = {The International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) Telehealth (TH) Task Force explored the use of TH for improving diagnosis, care, research, and education for rare diseases (RDs). The Task Force reviewed related literature published from January 2017 to August 2023, and identified various models and implementation strategies of TH for RD. The Task Force highlighted the reported value and benefits of using TH for RDs, along with the limitations and opportunities. The number of publications sharply increased since 2021, coinciding with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which forced the rapid adoption of TH in many healthcare settings. One of the major benefits of TH for RDs lies in its capacity to surmount geographical barriers, which helps in overcoming the constraints posed by limited numbers and geographical dispersion of specialists. This was evident during the pandemic when TH was used to maintain a level of continued medical care and research when face-to-face visits were severely restricted. TH, through which clinical research can be decentralized, can also facilitate and enhance RD research by decreasing burden, expanding access, and enhancing efficiency. This will be especially beneficial when coupled with the adoption of digital health technologies, such as mobile health (mHealth) and wearable devices for remote monitoring (i.e., surveillance of outpatient data transmitted through devices), along with big data solutions. TH has also been shown to be an effective means for RD education and peer mentoring, enabling local health care providers (HCPs) to care for RD patients, which indirectly ensures that RD patients get the expertise and multidisciplinary care they need. However, limitations and weaknesses associated with using TH for RD care and research were also identified, including the inability to perform physical examinations and build relationships with HCPs. Therefore, TH has been recommended as a complement to, rather than substitute for, face-to-face consultations. There is also a concern that TH may lead to an amplification of health disparities and inequities related to social determinants of health for those with RDs due to lack of access to TH technologies, inadequate digital literacy, and geographical, socio-cultural, and linguistic barriers. Finally, the Task Force also discussed evidence and knowledge gaps that will benefit from future research efforts to help advance and expand the use of TH for RD care, research, and education.},
}

*Telemedicine
Humans
*Rare Diseases/therapy
COVID-19/epidemiology
Biomedical Research

@article {pmid39629155,
year = {2024},
author = {Holliday, K and Horner, R and Ramesh, P and Bebbington, MB and Kanaris, C},
title = {A Nonhybrid Model of Transitioning Pediatric to Adult Critical Care during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Surge: A Single Unit Experience.},
journal = {Journal of pediatric intensive care},
volume = {13},
number = {3},
pages = {214-220},
pmid = {39629155},
issn = {2146-4618},
abstract = {To accommodate the unprecedented demand for critical care beds during the first surge of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the United Kingdom, hospitals had to adapt, restructure, and collaborate to provide the best possible care for the pediatric and adult populations. This single-center experience outlines the considerations our hospital took into account when planning for this restructure and the steps taken to ensure a successful execution of the task. Cross-specialty collaboration between the pediatric and adult critical care teams adopted a unique approach to care for only critically ill COVID-19 positive adult patients in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), transferring out critically unwell children at an early stage before the adult intensive care unit (AICU) became overwhelmed (nonhybrid model). This was designed to be in a staggered fashion, before allowing the AICU to overflow. This approach enabled the adult critical care team to support pediatric colleagues in learning the nuances of looking after critically ill adults prior to the service being saturated by the predicted supersurge. The success of the operation hinged on two things. First, PICU staff continuing to work in a familiar environment with their usual clinical team and second, the gradual and controlled admission of adult patients into PICU before the peak in demand for critical care beds. This design helped protect staff morale and build confidence in their new clinical role. The overall case fatality of invasively ventilated patients with COVID-19 in our hospital during the first surge was 32%, which is lower than the global average of 45%. This serves as evidence that this nonhybrid model is safe and sustainable.},
}

@article {pmid39624896,
year = {2024},
author = {Batlle, D and Hassler, L and Wysocki, J},
title = {ACE2, From the Kidney to SARS-CoV-2: Donald Seldin Award Lecture 2023.},
journal = {Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.22064},
pmid = {39624896},
issn = {1524-4563},
abstract = {ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) is a monocarboxypeptidase that cleaves Ang II (angiotensin II) among other substrates. ACE2 is present in the cell membrane of many organs, most abundantly in epithelial cells of kidney proximal tubules and the small intestine, and also exists in soluble forms in plasma and body fluids. Membrane-bound ACE2 exerts a renoprotective action by metabolizing Ang II and therefore attenuating the undesirable actions of excess Ang II. Therefore, soluble ACE2, by downregulating this peptide, may exert a therapeutic action. Our laboratory has designed ACE2 truncates that pass the glomerular filtration barrier to target the kidney renin-angiotensin system directly and, therefore, compensate for loss of kidney membrane-bound ACE2. Membrane-bound ACE2 is also the essential receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Soluble ACE2 proteins have been studied as a way to intercept SARS-CoV-2 from binding to membrane-bound ACE2 and prevent cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 altogether. We bioengineered a soluble ACE2 protein, termed ACE2 618-DDC-ABD, with increased binding affinity for SARS-CoV-2 and prolonged duration of action, which, when administered intranasally, provides near-complete protection from lethality in k18hACE2 mice infected with different SARS-CoV-2 variants. The main advantage of soluble ACE2 proteins for the neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 is their immediate onset of action and universality for current and future emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. It is notable that ACE2 is critically involved in 2 dissimilar functions: as a receptor for cell entry of many coronaviruses and as an enzyme in the metabolism of Ang II, and yet in both cases, it is a therapeutic target.},
}

@article {pmid39624316,
year = {2024},
author = {Moulaeian, M and Ferdousmakan, S and Banihashemi, S and Homayounfar, S and Pasupulla, AP and Malekzadegan, Y},
title = {Reactive oxygen species induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection can induce EMT in solid tumors: Potential role of COVID-19 in chemo-resistance and metastasis.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {10},
number = {22},
pages = {e40297},
pmid = {39624316},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has raised discussion over the connection between viral infections and the biology of cancer. Research has investigated the relationship between signaling pathways stimulated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that may be involved in the progression of cancer, resistance to chemotherapy, and metastasis. However, the exact cellular and molecular mechanisms of the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on cancer progression, chemo-resistance, metastasis, and recurrence have not been fully understood. Recently, studies indicate that SARS-CoV-2 might induce inflammatory responses and cytokine storm, which can affect cellular signaling pathways associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We address the possible involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection in treatment resistance, metastatic recurrence, and the activation of EMT in solid tumors in this review. We emphasize the disturbance of mitochondria dysfunction, the overproduction of ROS in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, and its consequences for the beginning of EMT. We also suggested possible processes associated with ROS influence on EMT, inflammatory signaling pathways, and viral interaction with mitochondria. Gaining knowledge about ROS's function in SARS CoV-2 condition, promoting EMT will help to develop effective strategies during therapy treatments by lowering drug resistance and metastatic recurrence in cancer patient.},
}

@article {pmid39624267,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhao, Y and Wei, Y and Ye, C and Cao, J and Zhou, X and Xie, M and Qing, J and Chen, Z},
title = {Application of recombinase polymerase amplification with lateral flow assay to pathogen point-of-care diagnosis.},
journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {1475922},
pmid = {39624267},
issn = {2235-2988},
mesh = {Humans ; *Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods ; *Recombinases/metabolism ; *Point-of-Care Testing ; *Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics/isolation & purification ; Point-of-Care Systems ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; },
abstract = {Since the outbreak of the new coronavirus, point-of-care diagnostics based on nucleic acid testing have become a requirement for the development of pathogen diagnostics, which require the ability to accurately, rapidly, and conveniently detect pathogens. Conventional nucleic acid amplification techniques no longer meet the requirements for pathogen detection in low-resource, low-skill environments because they require specialist equipment, complex operations, and long detection times. Therefore, recombinant polymerase amplification (RPA) is becoming an increasingly important method in today's nucleic acid detection technology because it can amplify nucleic acids in 20-30 minutes at a constant temperature, greatly reducing the dependence on specialist equipment and technicians. RPA products are primarily detected through methods such as real-time fluorescence, gel electrophoresis, lateral flow assays (LFAs), and other techniques. Among these, LFAs allow for the rapid detection of amplification products within minutes through the visualization of results, offering convenient operation and low cost. Therefore, the combination of RPA with LFA technology has significant advantages and holds broad application prospects in point-of-care (POC) diagnostics, particularly in low-resource settings. Here, we focus on the principles of RPA combined with LFAs, their application to pathogen diagnosis, their main advantages and limitations, and some improvements in the methods.},
}

Humans
*Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods
*Recombinases/metabolism
*Point-of-Care Testing
*Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods
COVID-19/diagnosis
SARS-CoV-2/genetics/isolation & purification
Point-of-Care Systems
Sensitivity and Specificity

@article {pmid39624100,
year = {2024},
author = {Huan, X and Zhan, J and Gao, H},
title = {Research progress of spike protein mutation of SARS-CoV-2 mutant strain and antibody development.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1407149},
pmid = {39624100},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {*SARS-CoV-2/immunology/genetics ; Humans ; *Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology/genetics ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology ; *Mutation ; *Antibodies, Viral/immunology/therapeutic use ; *Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology/therapeutic use ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use/immunology ; Animals ; },
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease with a very high infectious rate caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2). Because SARS-CoV-2 is easy to mutate, the continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variant strains not only enhances the infectivity of the SARS-CoV-2 but also brings great obstacles to the treatment of COVID-19. Neutralizing antibodies have achieved good results in the clinical application of the novel coronavirus pneumonia, which can be used for pre-infection protection and treatment of novel coronavirus patients. This review makes a detailed introduction to the mutation characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, focusing on the molecular mechanism of mutation affecting the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2, and the impact of mutation on monoclonal antibody therapy, providing scientific reference for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 variant strains and the research and development of antibody drugs.},
}

*SARS-CoV-2/immunology/genetics
Humans
*Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology/genetics
*COVID-19/immunology/virology
*Mutation
*Antibodies, Viral/immunology/therapeutic use
*Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology/therapeutic use
*Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use/immunology
Animals

@article {pmid39623895,
year = {2024},
author = {Wiedemann, H and Cloes, JO and Paschke, K and Thomasius, R},
title = {[Not Available].},
journal = {Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie},
volume = {73},
number = {7},
pages = {604-626},
doi = {10.13109/prkk.2024.73.7.604},
pmid = {39623895},
issn = {0032-7034},
mesh = {Humans ; Adolescent ; Child ; *Social Media ; *Video Games/psychology ; *Internet Addiction Disorder/psychology/epidemiology/therapy ; Behavior, Addictive/psychology/epidemiology/therapy ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; },
abstract = {New Media and Addiction in Youth New media, such as digital games, social media, and video streaming services, have emerged as fundamental channels for socialization and leisure activities among young people. Platforms such as TikTok, Fortnite, and YouTube do not only provide entertainment, enjoyment, and opportunities for social connection, but also carry the risk of excessive use. Particularly vulnerable youth, who turn to media to escape real-world problems and conflicts, can quickly become trapped in a vicious cycle, resulting in problematic usage habits with significant psychosocial consequences. This review presents the current state of research on Digital Media Use Disorders (DMUD) in youth. It outlines diagnostic criteria, presents recent data on epidemiology, etiology, and treatment approaches, and discusses implications for prevention. DMUD in youth remains a serious health issue in the aftermath of the pandemic. Parents and schools play a crucial role in guiding children and adolescents towards media literacy and self-regulated use of digital media. But also game and platform providers, who often employ manipulative mechanisms that prevent a self-regulated use, need to be held accountable. The introduction of the European Digital Services Act represents a crucial step in this direction.},
}

Humans
Adolescent
Child
*Social Media
*Video Games/psychology
*Internet Addiction Disorder/psychology/epidemiology/therapy
Behavior, Addictive/psychology/epidemiology/therapy
Cross-Sectional Studies

@article {pmid39623540,
year = {2025},
author = {Butler, M and McArthur, EC},
title = {mHealth for Women with Pregnancies with Fetal Anomalies: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {MCN. The American journal of maternal child nursing},
volume = {50},
number = {1},
pages = {39-45},
pmid = {39623540},
issn = {1539-0683},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; *Telemedicine ; *COVID-19 ; Congenital Abnormalities/diagnosis ; Mobile Applications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: The purpose of this review is to investigate the current landscape of evidence-based mHealth resources designed to support pregnant patients with fetal anomalies, with a focus on enhancing maternal wellbeing, disseminating relevant information, and facilitating communication with nurses, physicians, and other health care professionals.

STUDY DESIGN: Using the JBI (formerly known as the Joanna Briggs Institute) scoping review protocol and the PRISMA-ScR framework, we conducted a comprehensive search across databases including CINAHL, Medline, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.

METHODS: A keyword search was conducted, resulting in 227 unique records. Articles discussing mobile apps for pregnancies with a fetal diagnosis or fetal risk for anomaly were included, including hospital-affiliated or telehealth apps that were adapted for use with this specific population.

RESULTS: Ten articles were selected for inclusion. Our analysis identified several predominant themes. The surge of mHealth, influenced in part by the COVID-19 pandemic, has provided critical access to care for pregnant patients with fetal anomalies through mobile platforms. Comprehensive resource tools integrating informational components via mHealth are needed to offer flexibility to patients as well as nurses, physicians, and other health care professionals. Adopting a patient-driven approach in developing mHealth resources is important in meeting the needs of patients, their families, and their health care team.

CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: A framework for the development and implementation of high-fidelity mHealth resources tailored to this vulnerable population is needed. Emphasizing a patient-centered approach in the creation of mHealth resources is paramount to ensuring their effectiveness and usefulness for pregnant women experiencing fetal anomalies, their families, and the perinatal health care team.},
}

Humans
Female
Pregnancy
*Telemedicine
*COVID-19
Congenital Abnormalities/diagnosis
Mobile Applications
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid39623458,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, H and Zong, Y and Li, J and Zhou, Z and Chang, Y and Shi, W and Guo, J},
title = {Research trends and hotspots on global influenza and inflammatory response based on bibliometrics.},
journal = {Virology journal},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {313},
pmid = {39623458},
issn = {1743-422X},
support = {2023CXMMTCM009//Unveiling the List of Commanders" of the Institute of Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Institute of Big Health, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center/ ; 2022rcyb025//Anhui University of Chinese Medicine High-level Talent Support Program/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Bibliometrics ; Biomedical Research/trends ; COVID-19/epidemiology/immunology/prevention & control ; *Inflammation/epidemiology ; *Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; *Post-Infectious Disorders/epidemiology/pathology ; },
abstract = {The influenza virus is considered as a kind of significant zoonotic infectious disease identified to date, with severe infections in humans characterized by excessive inflammation and tissue damage, usually resulting in serious complications. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying inflammation after influenza infection have been extensively studied, bibliometric analysis on the research hotspots and developing trends in this field has not been published heretofore. Articles related to influenza and inflammatory response were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database (1992-2024) and analyzed using various visualization tools. Finally, this study collected a total of 2,176 relevant articles, involving 13,184 researchers, 2,647 institutions, 78 countries/regions, and published in 723 journals. Most articles were published in the United States (928 articles), China (450 articles) and the United Kingdom (158 articles). Ross Vlahos was the most productive author. Furthermore, some journals, such as PLoS One and Frontiers in Immunology, made much contribution to the topic. The future research trends include airway stem cells and neuroendocrine cells as new directions for the treatment of influenza complications, as well as measures related to prevention, treatment, and research and development based on the COVID-19 pandemic. Through bibliometric analysis and summary of inflammatory response of influenza-related articles, this study ultimately summarizes new directions for preventing and treating influenza.},
}

Humans
*Bibliometrics
Biomedical Research/trends
COVID-19/epidemiology/immunology/prevention & control
*Inflammation/epidemiology
*Influenza, Human/epidemiology
*Post-Infectious Disorders/epidemiology/pathology

@article {pmid39622507,
year = {2024},
author = {Cha, CD and Park, CS and Shin, HC and Han, J and Choi, JE and Kim, JH and Jung, KW and Lee, SB and Nam, SE and Yoon, TI and Kang, YJ and Kim, Z and Jung, SY and Kim, HA and , },
title = {Breast Cancer Statistics in Korea, 2021.},
journal = {Journal of breast cancer},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.4048/jbc.2024.0213},
pmid = {39622507},
issn = {1738-6756},
abstract = {The Korean Breast Cancer Society (KBCS) has collected nationwide registry data on clinicopathologic characteristics and treatment since 1996. This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics of breast cancer in Korea and assess changes in breast cancer statistics for 2021 using data from the KBCS registry and the Korean Central Cancer Registry. In 2021, 34,628 women were newly diagnosed with breast cancer. The median age of women diagnosed with breast cancer was 53.4 years, with the highest incidence occurring in the 40-49 age group. The most common molecular subtype was hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, accounting for 69.1% of cases, while HER2-positive subtypes comprised 19.3%. During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the national breast cancer screening rate declined. However, the incidence of early-stage breast cancer (stages 0 and I) continued to increase, accounting for 65.6% of newly diagnosed cases in 2021. Our results showed that the overall survival rate for patients with breast cancer has improved, primarily due to a rise in early-stage diagnoses and advancements in treatment.},
}

@article {pmid39622382,
year = {2024},
author = {Wen, Z and Ma, R and Chen, J and Deng, Y and Li, H and Huang, B and Han, F and Li, C and Chen, Y and Wang, H and Leng, SX and Sun, S and Ning, X},
title = {Risk factors for delirium in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Neuroscience},
volume = {565},
number = {},
pages = {172-181},
doi = {10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.11.036},
pmid = {39622382},
issn = {1873-7544},
abstract = {Delirium is one of the serious neurological complications of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in patients with COVID-19, especially in older patients. There is currently no meta-analysis of risk factors for delirium in patients with COVID-19. This study aimed to identify potential risk factors for delirium in patients with COVID-19 through a meta-analysis of observational clinical studies. In conducting this analysis, literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, and study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Scale (NOS). Data were extracted independently by two reviewers and pooled using either fixed effects or random effects models based on the results of heterogeneity testing. As a result of this meta-analysis, a total of 21 studies were included, including 10,147 patients. The analysis revealed the identification of 26 predisposing factors and 54 precipitating factors associated with COVID-19-related delirium. Notably, the administration of hydrocortisone and azithromycin, among other specific medications designated for COVID-19, exhibited a potential to be positively associated with the incidence of delirium in patients afflicted with COVID-19. In conclusion, the present study identified potential predisposing and precipitating factors linked with delirium in COVID-19 patients. It is anticipated that these results will have a considerable impact on the management and treatment of delirium in COVID-19 patients.},
}

@article {pmid39622042,
year = {2024},
author = {Narayan, S and Gooderham, E and Spencer, S and McCracken, RK and Hedden, L},
title = {Virtual Primary Care for People With Opioid Use Disorder: Scoping Review of Current Strategies, Benefits, and Challenges.},
journal = {Journal of medical Internet research},
volume = {26},
number = {},
pages = {e54015},
doi = {10.2196/54015},
pmid = {39622042},
issn = {1438-8871},
mesh = {Humans ; *Opioid-Related Disorders/drug therapy/therapy ; *Primary Health Care ; *Telemedicine ; COVID-19 ; Health Services Accessibility ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: There is a pressing need to understand the implications of the rapid adoption of virtual primary care for people with opioid use disorder. Potential impacts, including disruptions to opiate agonist therapies, and the prospect of improved service accessibility remain underexplored.

OBJECTIVE: This scoping review synthesized current literature on virtual primary care for people with opioid use disorder with a specific focus on benefits, challenges, and strategies.

METHODS: We followed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodological approach for scoping reviews and the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) checklist for reporting our findings. We conducted searches in MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL Complete, and Embase using our developed search strategy with no date restrictions. We incorporated all study types that included the 3 concepts (ie, virtual care, primary care, and people with opioid use disorder). We excluded research on minors, asynchronous virtual modalities, and care not provided in a primary care setting. We used Covidence to screen and extract data, pulling information on study characteristics, health system features, patient outcomes, and challenges and benefits of virtual primary care. We conducted inductive content analysis and calculated descriptive statistics. We appraised the quality of the studies using the Quality Assessment With Diverse Studies tool and categorized the findings using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

RESULTS: Our search identified 1474 studies. We removed 36.36% (536/1474) of these as duplicates, leaving 938 studies for title and abstract screening. After a double review process, we retained 3% (28/938) of the studies for extraction. Only 14% (4/28) of the studies were conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic, and most (15/28, 54%) used quantitative methodologies. We summarized objectives and results, finding that most studies (18/28, 64%) described virtual primary care delivered via phone rather than video and that many studies (16/28, 57%) reported changes in appointment modality. Through content analysis, we identified that policies and regulations could either facilitate (11/28, 39%) or impede (7/28, 25%) the provision of care virtually. In addition, clinicians' perceptions of patient stability (5/28, 18%) and the heightened risks associated with virtual care (10/28, 36%) can serve as a barrier to offering virtual services. For people with opioid use disorder, increased health care accessibility was a noteworthy benefit (13/28, 46%) to the adoption of virtual visits, whereas issues regarding access to technology and digital literacy stood out as the most prominent challenge (12/28, 43%).

CONCLUSIONS: The available studies highlight the potential for enhancing accessibility and continuous access to care for people with opioid use disorder using virtual modalities. Future research and policies must focus on bridging gaps to ensure that virtual primary care does not exacerbate or entrench health inequities.},
}

Humans
*Opioid-Related Disorders/drug therapy/therapy
*Primary Health Care
*Telemedicine
COVID-19
Health Services Accessibility

@article {pmid39621659,
year = {2024},
author = {Idriss-Wheeler, D and Bancroft, X and Bouraleh, S and Buy, M and Yaya, S and El-Khatib, Z},
title = {Exploring access to health and social supports for intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors during stressful life events (SLEs)-A scoping review.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {19},
number = {12},
pages = {e0313613},
pmid = {39621659},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Humans ; *Intimate Partner Violence/psychology ; *Social Support ; *Survivors/psychology ; Stress, Psychological ; Health Services Accessibility ; Female ; COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; Life Change Events ; Male ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) often face increased incidents of violence during stressful life events (SLEs) such as economic recessions, environmental disasters, and pandemics. These events can diminish the effectiveness of both formal (e.g., health, social, justice, labor, community) and informal (e.g., friends, family, neighbors) support systems. Additionally, SLEs exacerbate existing health and social inequities, making it necessary to understand the accessibility of support services during these times. This scoping review investigates access to services by individuals experiencing IPV during SLEs in high-income countries.

APPROACH: A comprehensive search was conducted across several electronic databases including MEDLINE (OVID), Embase (OVID), PsychInfo (OVID), CINAHL (EBSCO), Global Health (EBSCO), Gender Watch (ProQuest), Web of Science, and Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ProQuest), along with the search engine Google Scholar. This search, which imposed no date restrictions, was extended through May 22nd, 2024. Key search terms were developed from prior literature and in consultation with an expert librarian, focusing on 'stressful life events,' 'intimate partner violence,' and 'access to services.'. Each study was screened and extracted by two reviewers and conflicts were resolved through discussion or a third reviewer.

RESULTS: The search across eight databases and citation searching resulted in a total of 7396 potentially relevant articles. After removing 1968 duplicates and screening 5428 based on titles and abstracts, 200 articles underwent full abstract review. Ultimately, 74 articles satisfied the inclusion criteria and were selected for further analysis. The analysis focused on barriers and facilitators to access, identifying challenges within Survivors' support systems, redirected resources during crises, and complex control dynamics and marginalization. Over 90% of the literature included covered the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Addressing these challenges requires innovative strategies, sustained funding, and targeted interventions for high-risk subgroups.

CONCLUSION: This scoping review systematically outlined the challenges and enabling factors influencing the availability of support services for Survivors of IPV during SLEs. It underscores the need for robust, culturally sensitive health and social support mechanisms, and policies. Such measures are essential to better protect and assist IPV Survivors and their service providers during these critical times. Furthermore, it is imperative to integrate the insights and expertise of the violence against women (VAW) sector into emergency planning and policy-making to ensure comprehensive and effective responses that address the unique needs of Survivors in crises.},
}

Humans
*Intimate Partner Violence/psychology
*Social Support
*Survivors/psychology
Stress, Psychological
Health Services Accessibility
Female
COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology
Life Change Events
Male

@article {pmid39621522,
year = {2024},
author = {Yildiz, H and Budak, S},
title = {The place and importance of palliative care in the fight against COVID-19.},
journal = {International journal of palliative nursing},
volume = {30},
number = {11},
pages = {592-598},
doi = {10.12968/ijpn.2024.30.11.592},
pmid = {39621522},
issn = {2052-286X},
mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology ; Humans ; *Palliative Care/organization & administration ; *Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Hospice and Palliative Care Nursing ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In a pandemic, existing palliative care units may be inadequate and palliative care may need to be provided in other hospital units.

AIMS: To review and improve the palliative care approach applied during a pandemic.

METHODS: Studies published between 2019 and 2020 were examined using the keywords 'fighting against COVID-19 'and 'organisation' in the PubMed, Ebsco, ScienceDirect and Web of Science databases.

FINDINGS: It was determined that the US Mass Critical Care Task Force created a framework for organising palliative care in the fight against the pandemic. It was determined that institutions and organisations implemented practices aligned with this framework during the pandemic. However, due to the evaluation, this framework was limited, and its scope should be expanded.

CONCLUSIONS: The recommendations in this review and indicated in italics will improve the palliative care approach to be applied during the pandemic.},
}

*COVID-19/epidemiology
Humans
*Palliative Care/organization & administration
*Pandemics
SARS-CoV-2
Hospice and Palliative Care Nursing

@article {pmid39621036,
year = {2024},
author = {Ketsekioulafis, I and Katsos, K and Kolentinis, C and Kouzos, D and Moraitis, K and Spiliopoulou, C and Sakelliadis, EI},
title = {Humanitarian forensic medicine: a systematic review.},
journal = {International journal of legal medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39621036},
issn = {1437-1596},
abstract = {Various concerns relating to international humanitarian law and human rights were risen by natural catastrophes (tsunamis, floods, fires), the Covid-19 pandemic, the epidemic breakouts of Ebola, as well as the significant migrant wave observed in the Mediterranean region. Forensic Medicine has direct interactions with both domestic and international law, and thus is frequently asked to provide solutions for these issues. The term "Humanitarian Forensic Action" (HFA), which refers to the application of forensic science to serve humanitarian endeavors, was created. The management of crises including armed conflicts, natural disasters, and humanitarian crises is therefore related to HFA. HFA is a specialized field of forensic sciences that is used to handle the identification of the deceased and human remains, as well as to contribute to the management of the dead, the management of mass disasters, and the investigation of abuse and torture. The psychosocial effects that these tragic events have on the victims, their loved ones, and society at large represent another HFA-related field. Firstly this systematic review aims to present all available international literature that discusses HFA as a unique forensic discipline. Secondly, through this review, it is hoped that HFA awareness will be risen among forensic practitioners, thus allowing improved adoption in general and future development as a branch of forensic sciences. As far as we are aware, there isn't another systematic study that presents the entirety of HFA's branches at once.},
}

@article {pmid39620218,
year = {2024},
author = {Eker, F and Duman, H and Ertürk, M and Karav, S},
title = {The potential of lactoferrin as antiviral and immune-modulating agent in viral infectious diseases.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1402135},
pmid = {39620218},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {*Lactoferrin/pharmacology ; Humans ; *Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Virus Diseases/immunology/drug therapy ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology/physiology/drug effects ; Animals ; Immunomodulating Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; COVID-19/immunology/virology ; },
abstract = {Emerging infectious diseases are caused by unpredictable viruses with the dangerous potential to trigger global pandemics. These viruses typically initiate infection by utilizing the anionic structures of host cell surface receptors to gain entry. Lactoferrin (Lf) is a multifunctional glycoprotein with multiple properties such as antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Due to its cationic structure, Lf naturally interacts with certain host cell receptors, such as heparan sulfate proteoglycans, as well as viral particles and other receptors that are targeted by viruses. Therefore, Lf may interfere with virus-host cell interactions by acting as a receptor competitor for viruses. Herein we summarize studies in which this competition was investigated with SARS-CoV-2, Zika, Dengue, Hepatitis and Influenza viruses in vitro. These studies have demonstrated not only Lf's competitive properties, but also its potential intracellular impact on host cells, such as enhancing cell survival and reducing infection efficiency by inhibiting certain viral enzymes. In addition, the immunomodulatory effect of Lf is highlighted, as it can influence the activity of specific immune cells and regulate cytokine release, thereby enhancing the host's response to viral infections. Collectively, these properties promote the potential of Lf as a promising candidate for research in viral infectious diseases.},
}

*Lactoferrin/pharmacology
Humans
*Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use
*Virus Diseases/immunology/drug therapy
SARS-CoV-2/immunology/physiology/drug effects
Animals
Immunomodulating Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use
COVID-19/immunology/virology

@article {pmid39619752,
year = {2025},
author = {Sahebalzamani, E and Alijanpour, S and Saadat, P},
title = {Olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19; Self-report or olfactory dysfunction test?.},
journal = {Caspian journal of internal medicine},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {37-46},
pmid = {39619752},
issn = {2008-6164},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 developed a sudden onset of smelling disorders. Researchers used self-reported or special tests to study this issue. We aimed to investigate whether quantitative-test smell disorders have a considerable difference from self-reported or not.

METHODS: We searched 554 studies published between December 2019 to September 2020 by the PICO model. Our search strategies were based on MeSH terms in the electronic databases Web of Science (136 articles), Scopus (84 articles), and PubMed (334 articles). The duplicated articles were excluded, then the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidance were utilized. Finally, we divided the studies into two (self-report (33 articles) and specific-test (9 articles)) groups.

RESULTS: 33 (80%) articles expressed olfactory dysfunction by self-report of patients and 9(20%) studies were conducted by a specific test. Only three studies, one in self-report; ((internal reliability, Cronbach α = 0.84) and validity (r = -0.60, p < 0.001)) and two in specific-test groups; ((test-retest r=0.94) and another study (test-retest r >0.7)) conducted validity and reliability. Self-reported studies published a various range of prevalence (20% _97%) in patients with COVID-19. COVID-19 patients with a specific-test group were found to have a primary incidence of anosmia of over 65%, even reaching 98% depending on the types of tests.

CONCLUSION: Self-reporting of COVID-19 detection can be affected by sociodemographic factors. Although self-reported questionnaires are economical and easy to use, standardized tests provide more reliable comparisons and professional assessments. Therefore, standardized tests are recommended for more accurate screening over self-reporting.},
}

@article {pmid39618227,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, H and Liu, Y and Liu, Y and Luo, Y},
title = {Musculoskeletal Disorders in COVID-19 Surveillance Staff Members: An Analysis of Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Coping Strategies.},
journal = {British journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005)},
volume = {85},
number = {11},
pages = {1-17},
doi = {10.12968/hmed.2024.0423},
pmid = {39618227},
issn = {1750-8460},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; *Musculoskeletal Diseases/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Risk Factors ; Prevalence ; *Occupational Diseases/epidemiology ; *Adaptation, Psychological ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Middle Aged ; China/epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Ergonomics ; Coping Skills ; },
abstract = {Aims/Background During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the COVID-19 surveillance staff members experienced an increased risk for musculoskeletal disorders. Thus, it is necessary to further investigate the causal factors stemming from COVID-19 surveillance work, especially nucleic acid testing, and establish their relationship with work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) by building upon the previous research. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of WMSDs and the major risks faced by the COVID-19 surveillance staff members. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2022. The Quick Exposure Check (QEC), Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were used to evaluate ergonomic factors, musculoskeletal symptoms and pressure among 131 COVID-19 surveillance staff members in four hospitals in South-central Henan Province. Additionally, data regarding the coping strategies adopted by the respondents for lowing the risk of developing WMSDs were collected using a self-report questionnaire. Results The QEC results showed that the back, neck, and should/arm of the COVID-19 surveillance staff members bore high ergonomic loads, while the wrist suffered a medium load. The neck (75.6%), shoulder (66.4%), upper back (58%), and wrist (55.7%) were at higher risk for musculoskeletal disorder. Most of the respondents claimed a low sense of achievement (124, 94.7%) and slightly less than half of them had endured emotional exhaustion at work (61, 46.6%). Prolonged period of maintaining the same posture at work, awkward bending or twisting of back side, task repetition and so on were the perceived job risk factors precipitating WMSDs among the participants in this study. The top three coping strategies for lowering the risk of WMSDs included adjusting the plinth/bed height (49.6%), utilizing different parts of the body at work (47.3%), and taking short breaks when required (33.6%). Conclusion Prolonged large-scale nucleic acid detection can aggravate the musculoskeletal injuries of the neck, shoulder, upper back, and wrist in COVID-19 surveillance staff members. Prevention measures for musculoskeletal injuries factors must be in place to deter such incidence at work.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology
*Musculoskeletal Diseases/epidemiology
Cross-Sectional Studies
Male
Female
Adult
Risk Factors
Prevalence
*Occupational Diseases/epidemiology
*Adaptation, Psychological
*SARS-CoV-2
Middle Aged
China/epidemiology
Surveys and Questionnaires
Ergonomics
Coping Skills

@article {pmid39618167,
year = {2024},
author = {Bastani, MN and Jalilian, S and Bahreiny, SS and Makvandi, M and Aghaei, M and Mansouri, Z and Karamali, N and Sakhavarz, T and Amraei, M and Harooni, E},
title = {Update prognostic potency of surfactant protein D (SP-D) in the COVID-19 landscape: an In-depth meta-analytical exploration.},
journal = {Biomarkers in medicine},
volume = {18},
number = {24},
pages = {1135-1148},
doi = {10.1080/17520363.2024.2432325},
pmid = {39618167},
issn = {1752-0371},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/blood/diagnosis/mortality ; *Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D/blood ; Prognosis ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Biomarkers/blood ; Severity of Illness Index ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Surfactant Protein D (SP-D), a key component of the innate immune system, has attracted significant interest for its potential role in the pathophysiology and prognosis of COVID-19. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to clarify the prognostic importance of SP-D levels in COVID-19 patients.

METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, EMBASE, and Google Scholar, covering studies published from January 2000 to January 2024. The inclusion criteria focused on studies measuring SP-D levels in the serum or plasma of COVID-19 patients, comparing severe and non-severe cases. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model to assess overall effect sizes. Meta-regressions and subgroup analyses were performed to identify potential sources of heterogeneity, including patient age, assay techniques, and gender ratio.

RESULTS: The meta-analysis incorporated data from nine studies involving 5,410 COVID-19 patients. Elevated SP-D levels were significantly correlated with increased disease severity, yielding an SMD of 0.642 (95% CI: 0.314 to 0.870; p = 0.012).

CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis confirms the prognostic significance of SP-D in the context of COVID-19. Elevated SP-D levels are associated with severe disease outcomes, highlighting its potential as a prognostic biomarker.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/blood/diagnosis/mortality
*Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D/blood
Prognosis
*SARS-CoV-2
Biomarkers/blood
Severity of Illness Index

@article {pmid39617454,
year = {2024},
author = {Uraki, R},
title = {[Analysis of RNA virus pathogenicity and development of novel prevention methods.].},
journal = {Uirusu},
volume = {74},
number = {1},
pages = {57-66},
doi = {10.2222/jsv.74.57},
pmid = {39617454},
issn = {0042-6857},
mesh = {Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity/physiology/genetics ; Animals ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/virology/epidemiology ; *Zika Virus/pathogenicity/genetics ; Zika Virus Infection/prevention & control/virology ; RNA Viruses/pathogenicity/genetics ; Male ; Testis/virology ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; RNA Virus Infections/prevention & control/virology ; Virulence ; Culicidae/virology ; Salivary Glands/virology ; },
abstract = {In the first quarter of the 21st century, infectious diseases caused by RNA viruses such as SARS, pandemic influenza viruses, MERS, Zika virus, and SARS-CoV-2 have spread. When such emerging and re-emerging viruses occur and spread, it is important for public health to quickly analyze the characteristics of these viruses and develop preventive measures. We found that the Zika virus causes damage to the testes, leading to testicular atrophy; that a vaccine based on mosquito salivary gland proteins suppresses mosquito-borne Zika virus transmission/infection; that the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5 isolated from patients is comparable to that of Omicron BA.1; and that a strategy targeting regulatory T cells to enhance vaccine efficacy is effective. Here, I would like to briefly discuss these findings.},
}

Humans
*SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity/physiology/genetics
Animals
*COVID-19/prevention & control/virology/epidemiology
*Zika Virus/pathogenicity/genetics
Zika Virus Infection/prevention & control/virology
RNA Viruses/pathogenicity/genetics
Male
Testis/virology
COVID-19 Vaccines
RNA Virus Infections/prevention & control/virology
Virulence
Culicidae/virology
Salivary Glands/virology

@article {pmid39617453,
year = {2024},
author = {Ito, J},
title = {[Data-Driven Research for Understanding and Predicting Viral Epidemics and Evolution].},
journal = {Uirusu},
volume = {74},
number = {1},
pages = {49-56},
doi = {10.2222/jsv.74.49},
pmid = {39617453},
issn = {0042-6857},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/virology ; *Genome, Viral/genetics ; Big Data ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Epidemics ; Computational Biology/methods ; Virus Diseases/epidemiology/virology ; },
abstract = {The era of big data has begun in life sciences, and virology is no exception. Especially since COVID-19, virology has become one of the most genome data-rich fields in life sciences. In this article, I will introduce the new paradigm of "understanding and predicting viral epidemics and evolution, " made possible by the emergence of vast amounts of genome data, focusing on my research to date. Additionally, I would like to introduce our efforts toward advancing the field of viral informatics.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/virology
*Genome, Viral/genetics
Big Data
SARS-CoV-2/genetics
Evolution, Molecular
Epidemics
Computational Biology/methods
Virus Diseases/epidemiology/virology

@article {pmid39617451,
year = {2024},
author = {Hashimoto, R and Masui, A and Gotoh, S and Takayama, K},
title = {[Development of human iPS cell-derived alveolar and airway models using micropatterning plate for SARS-CoV-2 research].},
journal = {Uirusu},
volume = {74},
number = {1},
pages = {35-44},
doi = {10.2222/jsv.74.35},
pmid = {39617451},
issn = {0042-6857},
mesh = {Humans ; *Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/virology/cytology ; *SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; *COVID-19/virology ; *Organoids/virology ; Cell Culture Techniques/methods ; Pulmonary Alveoli/virology/cytology ; Models, Biological ; },
abstract = {Advanced cell culture systems including human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and organoids enable the generation of intricate structural and functional organ models in vitro. Application of these advanced cell culture systems to research on a wide range of diseases including infectious diseases is underway. Due to the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, advanced cell culture systems in the virus research field are rapidly becoming popular. Respiratory models generated using human iPS cells and organoid technology are useful for analyzing respiratory cell responses caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, there is still room for the development of an apical-out model, which is essential for simple virus infection experiments, and a model that can analyze host responses in the alveoli and airways. In this study, we developed human iPS cell-derived alveolar and airway models with an apical-out structure by using a micropatterning plate. In the alveolar model, we confirmed that this model contains abundant type II alveolar epithelial (AT2) cells, which are the target cells of SARS-CoV-2 in the alveoli. In the airway model, we confirmed that this model contains abundant ciliated cells, which are the target cells of SARS-CoV-2 in the airway. Using our alveolar and airway models, we can analyze the differences in infection efficiency and host response of each SARS-CoV-2 variant. We hope that the human iPS cell-derived alveolar and airway models generated using a micropatterning plate will be used to analyze not only SARS-CoV-2 but also a wide range of respiratory viruses.},
}

Humans
*Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/virology/cytology
*SARS-CoV-2/physiology
*COVID-19/virology
*Organoids/virology
Cell Culture Techniques/methods
Pulmonary Alveoli/virology/cytology
Models, Biological

@article {pmid39617194,
year = {2024},
author = {Santoni, M and Pistis, M},
title = {Maternal Immune Activation and Endocannabinoid System: Focus on Two-Hit Models of Schizophrenia.},
journal = {Biological psychiatry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.11.015},
pmid = {39617194},
issn = {1873-2402},
abstract = {The devastating effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have underscored the significant threat infectious diseases pose to our society. Pregnancy represents a particularly vulnerable period for infections, which can compromise maternal health and increase the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. Preclinical and clinical investigations suggest a potential association between maternal immune activation (MIA), triggered by viral or bacterial infections, and the increased risk for neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. Genetic and environmental factors might contribute to the overall risk. Hence, the two-hit hypothesis of schizophrenia suggests that MIA could act as a first trigger, with subsequent factors, such as stress or drug abuse, exacerbating latent abnormalities. A growing body of research focuses on the interaction between MIA and cannabis use during adolescence, considering the role of the endocannabinoid system in neurodevelopment and in neurodevelopmental disorders. The endocannabinoid system, crucial for fetal brain development, may be disrupted by MIA, leading to adverse outcomes in adulthood. Recent research indicates the endocannabinoid system's significant role in the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders in preclinical models. However, findings on adolescent cannabinoid exposure in MIA-exposed animals reveal unexpected complexities, with several studies failing to support the exacerbation of MIA-related abnormalities. This review delves into the functional implications of the endocannabinoid system in MIA models, emphasizing 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) signaling's role in synaptic plasticity and neuroinflammation, and its relevance to the two-hit model of schizophrenia.},
}

@article {pmid39616498,
year = {2024},
author = {Schoon, I and Shukla, S and Verma, S and Terol, E and Da Cunha, JM},
title = {The COVID-19 pandemic and young people's civic engagement: A scoping review.},
journal = {Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jora.13039},
pmid = {39616498},
issn = {1532-7795},
support = {//Society for Research on Adolescence/ ; //John Templeton Foundation/ ; //ICDSS/SRA COVID-19 Scholars Program/ ; },
abstract = {This scoping review summarizes evidence regarding the impact of civic and community engagement of young people during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recognizing that the global pandemic not only brought challenges but also new opportunities to take a stance and to actively engage in communities and society, this review assesses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on young people's civic engagement across different cultural contexts and identifies key factors and processes that enable young people to engage with their community or society at large. We summarize evidence from 27 original research papers, one thought piece, and four reports conducted by global organizations such as the United Nations and OECD. Relevant research was conducted in the United States, Europe, China, Southeast Asia, South Africa, and New Zealand, addressing the development of leadership skills, civic responsibility, critical consciousness, civic and community engagement, as well as social integration. Key factors that facilitated civic engagement include national investments in online learning facilities, support for basic needs (such as education, health, and employment), and promotion and encouragement of local initiatives. The studies differed in their focus depending on the socio-cultural context encountered and future research needs to consider cultural variations and different demands on young people to inform effective practices for supporting young people's active engagement in society.},
}

@article {pmid39615348,
year = {2025},
author = {Kupikowska-Stobba, B and Niu, H and Klojdová, I and Agregán, R and Lorenzo, JM and Kasprzak, M},
title = {Controlled lipid digestion in the development of functional and personalized foods for a tailored delivery of dietary fats.},
journal = {Food chemistry},
volume = {466},
number = {},
pages = {142151},
doi = {10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.142151},
pmid = {39615348},
issn = {1873-7072},
mesh = {Humans ; *Digestion ; *Dietary Fats/metabolism ; *Functional Food/analysis ; Lipid Metabolism ; Obesity/metabolism/diet therapy/physiopathology ; COVID-19/metabolism/prevention & control ; Gastrointestinal Tract/metabolism ; },
abstract = {In recent decades, obesity and its associated health issues have risen dramatically. The COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated this trend, underscoring the pressing need for new strategies to manage weight. Functional foods designed to modulate lipid digestion and absorption rates and thereby reduce the assimilation of dietary fats have gained increasing attention in food science as a potentially safer alternative to weight-loss medications. This review provides insights into controlled lipid digestion and customized delivery of fats. The first section introduces basic concepts of lipid digestion and absorption in the human gastrointestinal tract. The second section discusses factors regulating lipid digestion and absorption rates, as well as strategies for modulating lipid assimilation from food. The third section focuses on applications of controlled lipid digestion in developing personalized foods designed for specific consumer groups, with particular emphasis on two target populations: overweight individuals and infants.},
}

Humans
*Digestion
*Dietary Fats/metabolism
*Functional Food/analysis
Lipid Metabolism
Obesity/metabolism/diet therapy/physiopathology
COVID-19/metabolism/prevention & control
Gastrointestinal Tract/metabolism

@article {pmid39615346,
year = {2024},
author = {Cosma, C and Radi, A and Cattano, R and Zanobini, P and Bonaccorsi, G and Lorini, C and Del Riccio, M},
title = {Exploring Chatbot contributions to enhancing vaccine literacy and uptake: A scoping review of the literature.},
journal = {Vaccine},
volume = {44},
number = {},
pages = {126559},
doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126559},
pmid = {39615346},
issn = {1873-2518},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The increasing integration of chatbots across various sectors marks a significant shift in digital communication, and their role in healthcare makes no exception. This scoping review aims to systematically examine the role of chatbots in the perspective of organizational vaccine literacy, particularly in enhancing vaccine literacy and facilitating the dissemination of vaccine-related information, evaluating the potential of chatbots to transform vaccination communication strategies and improve health education outcomes.

METHODS: This scoping review adhered to the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and the PRISMA-ScR checklist. A systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and PsycInfo was conducted from January 2020 to October 30, 2024, using keywords related to "chatbots" and "vaccination." Study selection involved a two-stage screening process, focusing on studies reporting the use of chatbots to improve vaccine literacy and uptake. Data were thematically analyzed and presented in a narrative format.

RESULTS: Twenty-two studies were included in the review: these studies demonstrate the effectiveness of chatbots in enhancing vaccine literacy and acceptance, mainly focusing on COVID-19 but also addressing HPV and childhood vaccinations. They highlight chatbots' role in improving the vaccine-literate environment through countering misinformation and improving communication with healthcare professionals, showcasing their potential to significantly influence public health outcomes and their adaptability to diverse populations and geographic regions.

CONCLUSIONS: These digital assistants could provide personalized and up-to-date information, improving not only knowledge but also attitudes and intentions towards vaccinations.},
}

@article {pmid39615145,
year = {2024},
author = {Forero-Peña, DA and Carrión-Nessi, FS and Omaña-Ávila, ÓD and Mendoza-Millán, DL and Moncada-Ortega, A and Landaeta, ME},
title = {COVID-19 in Venezuela: Costs and challenges of management severe cases at home in a crisis setting.},
journal = {Archives of medical research},
volume = {56},
number = {3},
pages = {103126},
doi = {10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103126},
pmid = {39615145},
issn = {1873-5487},
abstract = {The humanitarian crisis in Venezuela has become an unprecedented regional emergency. Over the past decade, Venezuela's political and economic collapse has eroded the country's healthcare infrastructure and threatened the public health of the population. Shortages of medicines and health supplies, disruptions in basic services, and the emigration of health workers during this humanitarian crisis have affected access to care throughout the country, as well as the capacity of emergency services and outbreak response. During the early waves of the epidemic, COVID-19 collapsed the Venezuelan health system, leaving sentinel centers without inpatient beds and ICU space. Home-based care alternatives quickly emerged, not only for mild to moderate but also for severe and critical COVID-19 cases. Here we discuss the impact of the pandemic on the Venezuelan health system, the emergence of home-based care alternatives for severe and critical COVID-19 cases, as well as their costs and challenges, and finally, their advantages and disadvantages.},
}

@article {pmid39615022,
year = {2024},
author = {Ansari, M and Behnami, A and Benis, KZ and Farzadkia, M},
title = {An updated review on SARS-CoV-2 in hospital wastewater: occurrence and persistence.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {196},
number = {12},
pages = {1276},
pmid = {39615022},
issn = {1573-2959},
mesh = {*Wastewater/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; *Hospitals ; Humans ; *COVID-19/transmission/epidemiology ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; },
abstract = {SARS-CoV-2, primarily affecting the respiratory system, is also found in fecal samples from COVID-19 patients, demonstrating wastewater as a significant route for viral RNA transmission. During high prevalence periods, healthcare facility wastewater became a potential contamination source. Understanding the role of wastewater in epidemiology is crucial for public health risk assessment. In hospitals, with a specific number of COVID-19 cases, wastewater analysis offers a unique opportunity to link virus presence in wastewater with COVID-19 hospitalizations, a connection that is not possible in urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Shorter wastewater transit times enable more accurate virus tracking. With documented infection rates and rigorous testing, hospitals are ideal for wastewater monitoring, revealing practicalities and limitations. This review updates global efforts in quantifying SARS-CoV-2 in hospital wastewater, considering hospitalization rates' influence on viral RNA levels and comparing disinfection methods. Insights gleaned from this study contribute to Wastewater-based Epidemiology (WBE) and can be applied to other virus strains, enhancing our understanding of disease transmission dynamics and aiding in public health response strategies.},
}

*Wastewater/virology
*SARS-CoV-2
*Hospitals
Humans
*COVID-19/transmission/epidemiology
Environmental Monitoring/methods
RNA, Viral/analysis

@article {pmid39614945,
year = {2024},
author = {Farkas, K and Williams, RC and Hillary, LS and Garcia-Delgado, A and Jameson, E and Kevill, JL and Wade, MJ and Grimsley, JMS and Jones, DL},
title = {Harnessing the Power of Next-Generation Sequencing in Wastewater-Based Epidemiology and Global Disease Surveillance.},
journal = {Food and environmental virology},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {5},
pmid = {39614945},
issn = {1867-0342},
mesh = {*High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods ; Humans ; *Wastewater/virology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics/isolation & purification/classification ; Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Monitoring ; Pandemics ; Global Health ; },
abstract = {Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has emerged as a valuable surveillance tool for SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens globally, providing insights into community-level infections, including asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic cases. While most WBE programmes focus on quantitative pathogen assessment, next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches have enabled more detailed analyses, including variant and recombinant genotype identification for viruses like SARS-CoV-2 and poliovirus. Despite recent NGS advancements allowing for the detection of known and novel viruses in wastewater, many of these tools remain underutilised in routine WBE. This short review critically evaluates the applicability of common NGS tools in routine WBE programmes, assessing their capability for identifying emerging threats with epidemic or pandemic potential. Here, we provide evidence-based recommendations for integrating NGS techniques into WBE and the use of results for informed decision-making within a One Health framework, aiming to enhance global infectious disease surveillance and pandemic preparedness.},
}

*High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods
Humans
*Wastewater/virology
*COVID-19/epidemiology/virology
*SARS-CoV-2/genetics/isolation & purification/classification
Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Monitoring
Pandemics
Global Health

@article {pmid39614066,
year = {2024},
author = {Amrouche, T and Lammi, S and Drider, D},
title = {Probiotics and Prebiotics Intervention in Respiratory and Digestive Infections Linked to Covid-19.},
journal = {Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39614066},
issn = {1867-1314},
abstract = {Probiotics and prebiotics have been suggested as natural agents against viral infections and dysbiosis and may encourage clinical applications. This review aims to analyze the main and recent advances related to viral infections such as Covid-19 and its gastrointestinal complications, antiviral immunity generated and possible preventive role that probiotics and/or prebiotics can play in controlling and promoting antiviral immunity. The literature search was performed through a critical analysis of relevant publications reported in PubMed and Scopus databases on clinical trials and assays conducted in vitro on colon cells and in vivo on mice. Some studies using probiotics and prebiotics for the prevention of viral infection in different age groups are discussed. Covid-19 patients have been shown to suffer from gastrointestinal complications in addition to respiratory symptoms due to interactions between the respiratory system and the gastrointestinal tract infected with SARS-CoV-2. Unfortunately, therapies used to prevent (or treat) symptoms of Covid-19 have proven to be of limited effectiveness. In addition, the lack of access to coronavirus vaccines around the world and vaccine hesitancy continue to hamper control of Covid-19. It is therefore crucial to find alternative methods that can prevent disease symptoms. Evidence-based efficacy of certain probiotics (Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium) that may be useful in viral infections was shown with immunomodulatory properties (pro-inflammatory mediators reduction), promoting antiviral immunity (antibodies production, virus titers) and controlling inflammation (anti-inflammatory effect), as well as viral clearance and antimicrobial potential against opportunistic bacteria (anti-dysbiosis effect). But, available data about clinical application of probiotics in Covid-19 context remain limited and relevant scientific investigation is still in its early stages. Also, evidence for prebiotics potential in this field is limited, since the exact mechanism involved in systemic immune modulation by these compounds is till now unknown. Thus, further research is necessary to explore in the viral infection context the mechanism by which gut and lung interact in the presence of probiotics and prebiotics through more animal and clinical experiments.},
}

@article {pmid39613884,
year = {2024},
author = {Huf, R and Andrees, N and Kagerbauer, S},
title = {[Everything flows, nothing stands still-Anesthesiology and intensive care medicine in the digital age].},
journal = {Die Anaesthesiologie},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39613884},
issn = {2731-6866},
abstract = {Anaesthesiology and intensive care medicine are innovative specialist areas that mainly use the advantages of digital documentation. However, to exploit the full potential of the digital age, more than conversion of paper-based documentation into digital formats is required. The German healthcare system needs to catch up; more than money is required to drive digitalisation forward. The willingness of all those involved to adapt to new circumstances is essential-a process known as 'digital transformation'.The drivers of digital transformation in medicine are the need for personalised therapies, technological advances, and shared decision-making between physicians and patients. However, humans should take centre stage in medicine; technology is only a means to an end.As data-driven research is becoming increasingly important, the FAIR principles must apply to routine data in the same way as it is propagated for research: Data must be findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable. Utilising high-quality databases, decision support, and warning systems can be developed for early recognition and prevention of complications.Teleintensive care is a concrete expression of digital transformation. The COVID-19 pandemic paved the way for it to become standard care.Digital technologies in education and training are becoming increasingly popular. Virtual and augmented reality applications enable realistic training scenarios for trainee physicians and experienced teams.In the future, expanding the infrastructure and facilitating data exchange between all healthcare areas is essential. Applications must be reliable and secure, as cybercrime poses a severe threat to our hospitals, making vigilant IT departments and education in IT security crucial. In summary, digitalisation can make patient care safer and better if implemented correctly and involving all stakeholders.},
}

@article {pmid39613099,
year = {2024},
author = {Navarro-Romero, F and Olalla-Sierra, J and Martín-Escalante, MD},
title = {Potential role of lung ultrasonography in outpatient follow-up of patients with COVID-19. A systematic review.},
journal = {Revista clinica espanola},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.rceng.2024.11.006},
pmid = {39613099},
issn = {2254-8874},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Currently, the usefulness of lung ultrasound in the follow-up of patients after hospital discharge for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia is not well known. The main objective of this systematic review is to investigate the persistence of alterations in lung ultrasound of patients who have had COVID-19 pneumonia.

METHODS: A systematic review has been carried out following the PRISMA regulations in the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Google Scholar database from January 2020 to May 2023 using the combination of MeSH terms: "lung ultrasound", "ultrasonography", "lung alterations", "persistence", "follow-up", "consequences", "hospital discharge", "COVID", "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2". Studies were selected that described alterations in the lung ultrasound of patients after having suffered from COVID-19 pneumonia. The JBI Critical Appraisal Tools were used to assess the risk of bias of the studies. No meta-analysis techniques were performed, the results being compared narratively.

RESULTS: From two to six months after COVID-19 pneumonia, pulmonary ultrasound abnormalities appear frequently and are proportional to the intensity of the initial episode. The most frequent anomalies are irregularities in the pleural line, the presence of B lines and/or subpleural consolidations, predominantly in the basal regions of the thorax. These findings seem to correlate with those of the chest CT.

CONCLUSIONS: Lung ultrasound offers technical and economic advantages that should be considered for the study of patients after hospital discharge for COVID-19.},
}

@article {pmid39613064,
year = {2025},
author = {Behzadi, P and Chandran, D and Chakraborty, C and Bhattacharya, M and Saikumar, G and Dhama, K and Chakraborty, A and Mukherjee, S and Sarshar, M},
title = {The dual role of toll-like receptors in COVID-19: Balancing protective immunity and immunopathogenesis.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {284},
number = {Pt 2},
pages = {137836},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137836},
pmid = {39613064},
issn = {1879-0003},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology ; *Toll-Like Receptors/metabolism/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Immunity, Innate ; Signal Transduction ; Cytokine Release Syndrome/immunology ; },
abstract = {Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of human are considered as the most critical immunological mediators of inflammatory pathogenesis of COVID-19. These immunoregulatory glycoproteins are located on the surface and/or intracellular compartment act as innate immune sensors. Upon binding with distinct SARS-CoV-2 ligand(s), TLRs signal activation of different transcription factors that induce expression of the proinflammatory mediators that collectively induce 'cytokine storm'. Similarly, TLR activation is also pivotal in conferring protection to infection and invasion as well as upregulating the tissue repair pathways. This dual role of the human TLRs in deciding the fate of SARS-CoV-2 has made these receptor proteins as the critical mediators of immunoprotective and immunopathogenic consequences associated with COVID-19. Herein, pathbreaking discoveries exploring the immunobiological importance of the TLRs in COVID-19 and developing TLR-directed therapeutic intervention have been reviewed by accessing the up-to-date literatures available in the public domain/databases. In accordance with our knowledge in association with the importance of TLRs' role against viruses and identification of viral particles, they have been recognized as suitable candidates with high potential as vaccine adjuvants. In this regard, the agonists of TLR4 and TLR9 have effective potential in vaccine technology while the others need further investigations. This comprehensive review suggests that basal level expression of TLRs can act as friends to keep our body safe from strangers but act as a foe via overexpression. Therefore, selective inhibition of the overexpressed TLRs appears to be a solution to counteract the cytokine storm while TLR-agonists as vaccine adjuvants could lessen the risk of infection in the naïve population.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/immunology
*Toll-Like Receptors/metabolism/immunology
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Immunity, Innate
Signal Transduction
Cytokine Release Syndrome/immunology

@article {pmid39612608,
year = {2024},
author = {Melis, P and Perra, A and Nardi, AE and Zreik, T and Preti, A and Carta, MG},
title = {The quality of information on anxiety-related websites: A systematic search about the most online item searched after Covid-19 pandemics.},
journal = {Journal of psychiatric research},
volume = {181},
number = {},
pages = {144-150},
doi = {10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.11.049},
pmid = {39612608},
issn = {1879-1379},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The acquisition of health information via the internet has emerged as a prevalent approach within the general population and is likely to exert an influence on health decision-making processes. This study aims to evaluate the comprehensive quality of online information about anxiety treatment and management comparing websites in English, which is widely used for international scientific communication, and Italian, a popular local language. It was used a multidimensional methodology that assesses scientific quality of information; readability of the website; the technological quality of the website and the website's popularity ranking.

METHODS: We conducted a systematic search on four widely used online search engines. Duplicated, unrelated websites, and scientific papers were excluded. The assessment included the use of several criteria and tools: the DISCERN scale, the JAMA benchmark criteria, adherence to the Health on the Net Code; the Nibbler tool; PageRank; and the Flesch Reading Ease test/the Gulpease readability index.

RESULTS: 78 websites in Italian and 60 in English were evaluated. Quality of information of the English websites was higher than that of the Italian ones, but only a small percentage of them reported high level information about all treatment types and shared decision-making process. Technological quality was higher in English websites. In general, all websites were difficult to read, requiring reading skills at the high school level or higher.

CONCLUSIONS: These results can promote future guidelines to improve online health information. Users should be able to find information about all treatment types (pharmacological and psychosocial) in line with the current guidelines for the treatment and the management of anxiety disorders. This would help internet users to achieve a higher level of quality information.},
}

@article {pmid39357172,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, C and Wang, Y and Kaur, G and Adiga, A and Espinoza, B and Venkatramanan, S and Warren, A and Lewis, B and Crow, J and Singh, R and Lorentz, A and Toney, D and Marathe, M},
title = {Wastewater-based epidemiology for COVID-19 surveillance and beyond: A survey.},
journal = {Epidemics},
volume = {49},
number = {},
pages = {100793},
doi = {10.1016/j.epidem.2024.100793},
pmid = {39357172},
issn = {1878-0067},
mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology ; Humans ; *Wastewater/virology ; *Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Monitoring ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {The pandemic of COVID-19 has imposed tremendous pressure on public health systems and social economic ecosystems over the past years. To alleviate its social impact, it is important to proactively track the prevalence of COVID-19 within communities. The traditional way to estimate the disease prevalence is to estimate from reported clinical test data or surveys. However, the coverage of clinical tests is often limited and the tests can be labor-intensive, requires reliable and timely results, and consistent diagnostic and reporting criteria. Recent studies revealed that patients who are diagnosed with COVID-19 often undergo fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 virus into wastewater, which makes wastewater-based epidemiology for COVID-19 surveillance a promising approach to complement traditional clinical testing. In this paper, we survey the existing literature regarding wastewater-based epidemiology for COVID-19 surveillance and summarize the current advances in the area. Specifically, we have covered the key aspects of wastewater sampling, sample testing, and presented a comprehensive and organized summary of wastewater data analytical methods. Finally, we provide the open challenges on current wastewater-based COVID-19 surveillance studies, aiming to encourage new ideas to advance the development of effective wastewater-based surveillance systems for general infectious diseases.},
}

*COVID-19/epidemiology
Humans
*Wastewater/virology
*Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Monitoring
*SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid39265548,
year = {2024},
author = {Castelon Konkiewitz, E and Ziff, EB},
title = {Brain Evolution in the Times of the Pandemic and Multimedia.},
journal = {European neurology},
volume = {87},
number = {5-6},
pages = {261-272},
doi = {10.1159/000541361},
pmid = {39265548},
issn = {1421-9913},
mesh = {Humans ; *Biological Evolution ; *Brain/physiology ; COVID-19 ; Multimedia ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In this paper, we argue that recent unprecedented social changes arising from social media and the internet represent powerful behavioral and environmental forces that are driving human evolutionary adaptive responses in a way that might reshape our brain and the way it perceives reality and interacts with it. These forces include decreases in physical activity, decreases in exposure to light, and face-to-face social interactions, as well as diminished predictability in biological rhythms (i.e., the sleep cycle is no longer dictated by natural light exposure and season).

SUMMARY: We discuss the roles of stress and of creativity and adaptability in Homo sapiens evolution and propose mechanisms for human adaptation to the new forces including epigenetic mechanisms, gene-culture coevolution, and novel mechanisms of evolution of the nervous system.

KEY MESSAGES: We present the provocative idea that evolution under the strong selective pressures of today's society could ultimately enable H. sapiens to thrive despite social, physical, circadian, and cultural deprivation and possible neurological disease, and thus withstand the loss of factors that contribute to H. sapiens survival of today. The new H. sapiens would flourish under a lifestyle in which the current form would feel undervalued and replaceable.},
}

Humans
*Biological Evolution
*Brain/physiology
COVID-19
Multimedia
Pandemics

@article {pmid38226945,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, Z and Huang, Y and Wang, S and Chen, J and Meiduo, G and Jin, M and Zhang, X},
title = {A case report of fatal familial insomnia with cerebrospinal fluid leukocytosis during the COVID-19 epidemic and review of the literature.},
journal = {Prion},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {1-10},
doi = {10.1080/19336896.2023.2298520},
pmid = {38226945},
issn = {1933-690X},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; *COVID-19/complications/cerebrospinal fluid ; *Insomnia, Fatal Familial/genetics/complications ; *Leukocytosis/cerebrospinal fluid/complications ; Adult ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; tau Proteins/cerebrospinal fluid ; Fatal Outcome ; },
abstract = {Fatal familial insomnia (FFI) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic neurodegenerative disease. Generally, FFI patients will develop rapidly progressive dementia, sleep disturbance, autonomic dysfunction, and so on. Cerebrospinal fluid examination of FFI patients normally shows no obvious abnormalities. Here, we report a young male patient who was diagnosed with FFI during the COVID-19 epidemic. Clinical symptoms include psychobehavioral abnormality, cognitive decline, sleep disturbance, and autonomic dysfunction. No abnormalities were found in routine examinations after admission. However, the number of white blood cells in the cerebrospinal fluid increased. Though the patient was treated with anti-infection and immunotherapy, the symptoms were not relieved. A lumbar puncture was performed again, and it was found that the total Tau protein in the cerebrospinal fluid was elevated, and PET results showed that brain metabolism decreased. Finally, a genetic test was used to confirm the diagnosis of FFI. This case suggests that patients with FFI may also have elevated white blood cells in cerebrospinal fluid and timely detection of Tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid is helpful for early identification of FFI. And precise diagnosis relies on genetic testing.},
}

Humans
Male
*COVID-19/complications/cerebrospinal fluid
*Insomnia, Fatal Familial/genetics/complications
*Leukocytosis/cerebrospinal fluid/complications
Adult
*SARS-CoV-2/genetics
tau Proteins/cerebrospinal fluid
Fatal Outcome

@article {pmid39612556,
year = {2025},
author = {Link, EK and Tscherne, A and Sutter, G and Smith, ER and Gurwith, M and Chen, RT and Volz, A and , },
title = {A Brighton collaboration standardized template with key considerations for a benefit/risk assessment for a viral vector vaccine based on a non-replicating modified vaccinia virus Ankara viral vector.},
journal = {Vaccine},
volume = {43},
number = {Pt 1},
pages = {126521},
doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126521},
pmid = {39612556},
issn = {1873-2518},
mesh = {*Vaccinia virus/genetics/immunology ; Humans ; Animals ; *Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/immunology/genetics ; *Viral Vaccines/immunology/adverse effects/administration & dosage ; *Genetic Vectors/immunology/genetics ; Risk Assessment ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control/immunology ; },
abstract = {The Brighton Collaboration Benefit-Risk Assessment of VAccines by TechnolOgy (BRAVATO) was formed to evaluate the safety and other key features of new platform technology vaccines. This manuscript provides an overview of Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)-vectored vaccines and reviews molecular and biological key features of this platform. In particular, this review aims to provide fundamental information about the promising candidate vaccine MVA-MERS-S which has been evaluated successfully in different preclinical animal models and has undergone clinical testing including a phase Ib study involving more than 170 participants. Infectious diseases continue to be a major cause of human death worldwide. In this context, emerging zoonotic infectious diseases pose a particular challenge for public health systems. In the last two decades, three different respiratory coronaviruses, including the Middle East respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have emerged. For many years, safe and efficacious vaccines have been a major tool to combat infectious diseases. Here, we report on a promising candidate vaccine (MVA-MERS-S) against MERS-CoV based on MVA. Upon application, MVA-MERS-S has been well tolerated and immunogenic, inducing both, cellular and humoral immune responses in different animal models and humans. We demonstrate that the MVA vector platform, with the example of MVA-MERS-S, is a viable and effective tool for producing safe, immunogenic, and efficient vaccines against emerging infectious diseases.},
}

*Vaccinia virus/genetics/immunology
Humans
Animals
*Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/immunology/genetics
*Viral Vaccines/immunology/adverse effects/administration & dosage
*Genetic Vectors/immunology/genetics
Risk Assessment
Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control/immunology